Table 2.
References | Study period | Study subjects | Exposure | Odds ratio a (95% CI) | Adjustment | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Setting | Definition | Number of nonsmoking cases | Number of nonsmoking controls | Place/Source | Category | ||||
Akiba (24) | Hiroshima Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors cohort (nested case-control) | Case: Newly diagnosed cases of primary lung cancer | 94 women | 270 women | Spouse's smoking habit | Husband smoked | 1.50 (0.87–2.59) | Year of birth, sex, city of residence, participation in biennial medical examination, vital statistics | |
Control: Cohort members without lung cancer | 19 men | 110 men | Spouse's smoking habit | Wife smoked | 1.80 (0.43–7.59) | ||||
Inoue (26) | 1980–83 | Population-based, two cities in Kanagawa Prefecture | Case: Women lung cancer deaths | 83 women | 166 women | Husband ‘s smoking | <20 cigarettes/day | 1.39 (0.26–7.50) | Age, year of deaths, district. |
1973–81 | Control: Women cerebrovascular deaths | ≥20 cigarettes/day | 3.09 (0.73–13.14) | ||||||
Shimizu (34) | 1982–85 | Hospital-based, 4 hospitals in Nagoya City | Case: Female in-patients with lung cancer | 90 women | 163 women | The presence of a smoking family member | Husband | 1.08 (0.64–1.82) | Age, hospital, date of admission. |
Control: Female in-patients other than with lung cancer | |||||||||
Sobue (35) | 1986–88 | Hospital-based, 8 hospitals in Osaka Prefecture | Case: Newly-admitted patients in wards for lung cancer | 144 women | 731 women | Smoking status of household members | Husband smoked | 1.13 (0.78–1.63) | Age, years of education |
Control: Newly-admitted patients in one or two wards for other diseases. | |||||||||
Seki (33) | 1997–2009 | Hospital-based, a hospital in Miyagi City | Case: Lung cancer patients | 292 women | 1810 women | Spouse's smoking habit | Husband smoked | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | Age, year of recruitment, area of residence, referral status (screening or not), occupation, alcohol drinking, family history of lung cancer |
Control: Non-cancer patients | 70 men | 600 men | Spouse's smoking habit | Wife smoked | 1.29 (0.34–4.90) |
aThe standard error and 95% CI were re-calculated from the reported odds ratios and CIs. Therefore, 95% CIs in this table do not always correspond to the CIs reported in each study.