Table 3.
Findings from secondary analyses (linear mixed model) evaluating longitudinal change (Δ) within each group from baseline to 8- and 26-week follow-up in self-reported and biomarker measures
| Variable | Meditation-CBT N = 21 | Control group N = 14 |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported outcomes | ||
| Pain Intensity (Brief Pain Inventory), averaged pain score | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −0.5 (−1. 1; 0.03) | 0.4 (−0.3; 1.0) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −0.5 (−1.1; 0.02) | 0.5 (−0.2; 1.2) |
| Physical Function (Oswestry Disability Index), total score | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −2.4 (−7.2; 2.3) | −0.6 (−6.2; 5.1) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −5.0 (−9.7; −0.2) | 1.6 (−4.3; 7.4) |
| Morphine Equivalent Dose, mg per day | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −7.1 (−32.5; 18.3) | −1.4 (−32.3; 29.5) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −10.1 (−35.5; 15.2) | −0.2 (−31.4; 30.9) |
| Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, total score | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI) | 5.9 (−0.6; 12.4) | 3.2 (−4.7; 11.2) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI) | 14.7 (8.1; 21.2) | 9.321 (1.3; 17.4) |
| Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, total score | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI) | 0.04 (−0.3; 0.4) | 0.4 (−0.1; 0.8) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI) | 0.1 (−0.3; 0.5) | 0.3 (−0.2; 0.7) |
| Perceived Stress Scale, total score | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI) | 0.6 (−2.5; 3.6) | 0.2 (−3.5; 3.9) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI) | −1.7 (−4.8; 1.3) | −1.8 (−5.6; 2.0) |
| Biomarkers | ||
| Interleukin-1ß, pg/mL | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI), | 0.3 (−0.1; 0.6) | −0.02 (−0.4; 0.4) |
| (N) | (18) | (14) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI), | 0.2 (−0.2; 0.5) | 0.1 (−0.3; 0.5) |
| (N) | (15) | (13) |
| Interleukin-6, pg/mL | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI), | −0.8 (−1.8; 0.2) | 0.3 (−0.8; 1.5) |
| (N) | (18) | (14) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI), | −0.3 (−1.4; 0.7) | −0.1 (−1.3; 1.1) |
| (N) | (15) | (13) |
| Interferon-γ, pg/mL | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI), | 1.3 (−2.3, 4.9) | 0.2 (−3.9; 4.3) |
| (N) | (18) | (14) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI), | 1.6 (−2.4; 5.6) | −0.5 (−4.8; 3.7) |
| (N) | (15) | (13) |
| Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, pg/mL | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI), | 0.03 (−3.8; 3.8) | 2.6 (−1.8; 7.0) |
| (N) | (18) | (14) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI). | 0.0005 (−3.8; 3.8) | 3.3 (−1.1; 7.8) |
| (N) | (15) | (13) |
| C−Reactive Protein, mg/dL | ||
| baseline to 8 weeks, mean (95% CI), | −0.9 (−1.7;−0.1) | 0.1 (−0.9; 1.0) |
| (N) | (18) | (14) |
| baseline to 26 weeks, mean (95% CI), | −0.7 (−1.6; 0.1) | 0.1 (−0.9; 1.0) |
| (N) | (15) | (13) |
Results are presented as mean difference score (95% confidence interval, CI).