Figure 1.

Morphological features defining the temporal development of Vitis leaves. (a) All Vitis leaves possess distal (yellow), proximal (orange) and petiolar (red) veins, as well as distal and proximal lobes and sinuses, and a petiolar sinus. Seventeen homologous landmarks (black circles) were used in this study. Morphologically diverse species are shown. (b) Leaf series, scaled by the length between distal lobe tips, showing developmental stage and leaf number shape variance. (c) Unscaled V. riparia leaves showing changes in size at the shoot tip and base. Developmental stage (Sn) is measured starting from the shoot tip and leaf number (Ln) is measured from the shoot base. Inflorescences, opposite leaves, skipping every third node, transform from clusters into tendrils from the shoot base to tip.