Table 3.
Differential diagnosis and modulating factors in Brugada syndrome.
| A. Differential diagnosis | B. Modulating factors |
|---|---|
| • | Atypical right bundle branch block |
| • | Ventricular hypertrophy |
| • | Early repolarization (especially in athletes) |
| • | Acute pericarditis/myocarditis |
| • | Acute myocardial ischemia or infarction (especially of the right ventricle) |
| • | Pulmonary thromboembolism |
| • | Prinzmetal angina |
| • | Dissecting aortic aneurysm |
| • | Central and autonomic nervous system abnormalities |
| • | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| • | Friedreich ataxia |
| • | Spinobulbar muscular atrophy |
| • | Myotonic dystrophy |
| • | Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia |
| • | Mechanical compression of the right ventricular outflow tract (e.g., pectus excavatum, mediastinal tumor, hemopericardium, |
| • | Hypothermia |
| • | Postdefibrillation ECG |
| • | Electrolyte abnormalities: |
| o | Hyperkalemia |
| o | Hypokalemia |
| o | Hypercalcemia |
| o | Hyponatremia |
| • | Temperature: hyperthermia (fever), hypothermia |
| • | Hypertestosteronemia |
| • | Treatment with: |
| o | Antiarrhythmic drugs: sodium channel blockers (Class IC, Class IA), calcium antagonists, beta-blockers |
| o | Antianginal drugs: calcium antagonists, nitrates, potassium channel openers |
| o | Psychotropic drugs: tricyclic/tetracyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, lithium, benzodiazepines |
| o | Anesthetics/analgesics: propofol, bupivacaine, procaine |
| o | Others: histamine H1 antagonist, alcohol intoxication, cocaine, cannabis, ergonovine |