Table 11.
Early repolarization patterns associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, cardiac death, or all-cause mortality.
| Study design | Patient population | Early repolarization patterns | Endpoint | Odds/Hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) P value⁎ | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case-control | 206 idiopathic VF | J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV | Idiopathic VF | 10.9 (6.3–18.9) | Haissaguerre [2] |
| 412 matched controls | |||||
| Case-control | 45 idiopathic VF | J-point elevation in inferior leads | Idiopathic VF | 3.2 (1.4–7.5), P =.006 | Rosso [4] |
| 124 matched controls | J-point elevation in I/aVL | Idiopathic VF | 16.9 (2.0–140), P =.009 | ||
| 121 noncompetitive athletes | J-point elevation in V4–V6 | Idiopathic VF | NS | ||
| Case-control | 45 idiopathic VF | J-point elevation | Idiopathic VF | 4.0 (2.0–7.9) | Rosso [245] |
| 124 matched controls | J-point elevation+horizontal ST segment | Idiopathic VF | 13.8 (5.1–37.2) | ||
| 121 noncompetitive athletes | |||||
| Case-control | 21 athletes with idiopathic VF | J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in inferolateral leads | Idiopathic VF | 4.63 (1.67–12.9), P =.007 | Cappato [365] |
| 365 controls athletes | QRS slurring in any lead | Idiopathic VF | 4.81 (1.73–13.4), P =.007 | ||
| Prospective | 10,864 middle-aged people enrolled in the Finnish Social Insurance Institution׳s Coronary Heart Disease Study (CHD study) between 1966 and 1972 | J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in inferior leads | Death from cardiac causes | 1.28 (1.04–1.59), P =.03 | Tikkanen [44] |
| Death from arrhythmias | 1.43 (1.06–1.94), P =.03 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.2 mV in inferior leads | Death from any cause | 1.54 (1.06–2.24), P =.03 | |||
| Death from cardiac causes | 2.98 (1.85–4.92), P <.001 | ||||
| Death from arrhythmias | 2.92 (1.45–5.89), P =.01 | ||||
| Prospective | 10,864 middle-aged people enrolled in the Finnish Social Insurance Institution׳s Coronary Heart Disease Study (CHD study) between 1966 and 1972 | J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV and horizontal/descending ST segment | Sudden death | 1.43 (1.05–1.94) | Tikkanen [237] |
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV and upsloping ST segment | Sudden death | NS | |||
| Prospective | 1161 middle-aged people enrolled in the third French Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) Project between 1994 and 1997 | J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV | Total mortality | 2.45 (1.44–4.15), P =.001 | Rollin [236] |
| Cardiovascular mortality | 5.6 (2.27–11.8), P =.001 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.2 mV | Total mortality | NS | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | 5.14 (1.72–15.4), P =.004 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in inferior leads | Total mortality | 2.85 (1.62–5.02), P =.001 | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | 5.28 (1.96–14.2), P =.001 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in lateral leads | Total mortality | NS | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | 6.27 (1.85–21.3), P =.003 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV and horizontal ST-segment elevation | Total mortality | 3.04 (1.71–5.41), P =.001 | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | 6.93 (2.75–17.4), P =.001 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV and ascending ST-segment elevation | Total mortality | NS | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | NS | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV with notching pattern | Total mortality | 3.11 (1.72–5.6), P =.001 | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | 8.32 (3.32–20.8), P =.001 | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV with slurring pattern | Total mortality | NS | |||
| Cardiovascular mortality | NS | ||||
| Prospective | 15,792 middle-aged biracial people enrolled in the US Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) between 1987 and 1989 | J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in white men | Sudden death | NS | Olson [238] |
| Coronary events | NS | ||||
| All cause mortality | NS | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in white women | Sudden death | 8.77 (3.19–24.13) | |||
| Coronary events | NS | ||||
| All cause mortality | NS | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in black men | Sudden death | NS | |||
| Coronary events | NS | ||||
| All cause mortality | NS | ||||
| J-point elevation ≥0.1 mV in black women | Sudden death | NS | |||
| Coronary events | 1.47 (1.03–2.09) | ||||
| All cause mortality | NS | ||||
| Prospective | 29,281 subjects evaluated at the Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Hospital | J-point elevation >0.1 mV in black individuals | Cardiovascular death | NS | Perez-Riera367 |
| J-point elevation >0.1 mV in non-black individuals | Cardiovascular death | 1.6, P=.02 |
NS=not significant, VF = ventricular fibrillation.
⁎
Adjusted odds ratio/hazard ratio reported when available.