Table 2.

Summary of reported photoacoustic imaging of eye.

Reported system	Scanning pattern	Reported imaging speed and imaging size	Reported resolution	Reported Laser illumination	Reported Laser safety evaluation	Applications
Zerda et al. [63] (Both in vivo and ex vivo study)	Wide filed illumination	90 min for 12 mm × 8 mm	Axial: 50/83 μm Lateral: 200/240 μm	Wavelength: 740 nm Pulse energy density: 0.5 mJ/cm2	Safe (Based on ANSI 2000)	Both anterior and posterior segment
Hu et al. [64] (in vivo study)	Mechanical scanning	120 min for 2 mm × 2 mm	Axial: 15 μm Lateral: 5 μm	Wavelength: 570/578 nm Pulse energy: 40 nJ	Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Anterior segment
Liu et al. [73] (in vivo study)	Mechanical scanning	20 min for 3 mm × 3 mm	Axial: 50 μm Lateral: 2.76 μm	Wavelength: 532 nm Pulse energy: 80 nJ	Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Anterior segment
Silverman et al. [72] (ex vivo study)	Mechanical scanning	Not mentioned	Axial: 37 μm Lateral: 20 μm	Wavelength: 532/1064 nm Pulse energy: 1 μJ	Not Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Both anterior and posterior segment
Wu et al. [74] (In vivo study)	Mechanical scanning	6.5 min for 2 mm × 2 mm	Axial: 45 μm Lateral: 5 μm	Wavelength: 532 nm Pulse energy: 500 nJ	Not Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Both anterior and posterior segment
Jiao et al. [65] (In vivo study)	Optical scanning	2.7 s for 2 mm × 2 mm	Axial: 23 μm Lateral: 20 μm	Wavelength: 532 nm Pulse energy: 40 nJ	Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Posterior segment
Song et al. [69] (In vivo study)	Optical scanning	2.7 s for 2 mm × 2 mm	Axial: 23 μm Lateral: 20 μm	Wavelength: 532 nm Pulse energy: 40 nJ	Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Posterior segment
Song et al. [71] (In vivo study)	Optical scanning	2.7 s for 2 mm × 2 mm	Axial: 23 μm Lateral: 20 μm	Wavelength: 570/578/588 nm Pulse energy: 40 nJ	Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Posterior segment
Liu et al. [77] (In vivo study)	Optical scanning	2.7 s for 2 mm × 2 mm	Axial: 23 μm Lateral: 20 μm	Wavelength: 532 nm Pulse energy: 60 nJ	Safe (Based on ANSI 2007)	Posterior segment