Fig 5. Steady-state material balances of the intracellular dopamine.

50% deficiency of VMAT2 is downregulated by α₁₅ and α₁₃, respectively. The first element in the parentheses indicates the fold change in the concentration and the flux, which is downregulated by α₁₅, and the second element is the fold change downregulated by α₁₃. Fold change is defined as the optimal regulated solution divided by its values in a healthy state.