Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Demographic / Clinical Variable | All (n = 283) | Individuals with PDR (n = 55)a | Individuals without PDR (n = 228)a | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VL (log RNA copies/mL) [median (IQR] | 4.9 (4.2, 5.5) | 4.9 (4.2, 5.5) | 4.9 (4.2, 5.5) | NS |
| CD4+ T cells (cells/μL) [median (IQR] | 284 (92, 459) | 333 (115, 564) | 260 (88, 441) | NS |
| CD4+ T cells (%)[median (IQR] | 12 (6, 20) | 15 (7, 24) | 12 (5, 19) | NS |
| Age (years) [median (IQR] | 31 (25, 40) | 31 (26, 38) | 31 (25, 40) | NS |
| Gender (%) | ||||
| Male | 79.5 | 72.7 | 81.1 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 20.1 | 25.5 | 18.9 | |
| Civil Status (%) | ||||
| Single | 63.3 | 58.2 | 64.5 | NS |
| Domestic Partnership | 20.8 | 21.8 | 20.6 | NS |
| Married | 12.4 | 10.9 | 12.7 | NS |
| Unknown | 3.5 | 9.1 | 2.2 | NS |
| None | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.6 | NS |
| Literacy (%) | ||||
| Primary | 29.7 | 32.7 | 28.9 | NS |
| High School | 39.9 | 45.5 | 38.6 | NS |
| Degree/Technician | 25.4 | 14.5 | 28.1 | 0.0396 |
| Graduate | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | NS |
| Unknown | 1.4 | 5.5 | 0.4 | NS |
| Employment (%) | ||||
| Employed | 46.6 | 47.3 | 46.5 | NS |
| Unemployed | 39.6 | 34.5 | 40.8 | NS |
| Student | 9.2 | 10.9 | 8.8 | NS |
| Unknown | 4.6 | 7.3 | 3.9 | NS |
| HIV risk factor (%) | ||||
| Heterosexual | 57.6 | 50.9 | 59.2 | NS |
| MSM | 33.9 | 38.2 | 32.9 | NS |
| PWID | 1.8 | 5.5 | 0.9 | 0.0521 |
| Other | 1.4 | 0.0 | 1.8 | NS |
| Unknown | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.3 | NS |
| Recency of Infection (%) | ||||
| Recent | 31.4 | 40.0 | 29.4 | NS |
| Long-Standing | 68.6 | 60.0 | 69.3 | NS |
| Unknown | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | NS |
| HIV subtype (%) | ||||
| B | 98.2 | 96.4 | 98.7 | NS |
| Non-B | 1.8 | 3.6 | 1.3 |
a PDR defined with Stanford HIVdb tool as the presence of a score of 15 or more to any antiretroviral drug.
b Fisher’s exact or Mann Whitney tests for individuals with vs. without PDR. PDR, pre-treatment drug resistance; VL, viral load; MSM, men who have sex with men; PWID, people who inject drugs; IQR, interquartile range; NS, non-significant (p>0.05).