Table 4.
Step-wise regressions; intrapersonal factors and perceived learning environment predicted.
| Predictor measures | Maths Self-efficacy Predicted |
Maths Interest Predicted |
Academic Self-Concept Predicted |
Classroom Environment Predicted |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | t | η2 | β | t | η2 | β | t | η2 | β | t | η2 | |
| 1st step: Perceived learning environment | ||||||||||||
| Classroom Environment | 0.30 | 13.87⁎⁎ | 0.40 | 18.90⁎⁎ | 0.30 | 13.63⁎⁎ | – | – | ||||
| F(1,1924) = 192.23; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.09 | F(1,1924) = 357.34; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.16 | F(1,1924) = 185.78; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.09 | ||||||||||
| 2nd step: Intrapersonal factors added | ||||||||||||
| Classroom Environment | 0.03 | 1.63 | 0.25 | 12.63⁎⁎ | 0.12 | 5.80⁎⁎ | – | – | ||||
| Maths Self-efficacy | – | – | 0.43 | 18.98⁎⁎ | 0.50 | 22.80⁎⁎ | 0.46 | 0.16 | ||||
| Maths Interest | 0.37 | 18.98⁎⁎ | – | – | 0.07 | 3.18⁎ | 0.31 | 12.63⁎⁎ | ||||
| Academic Self-concept | 0.42 | 22.80⁎⁎ | 0.07 | 3.18⁎ | – | – | 0.15 | 5.80⁎⁎ | ||||
| F(3,1922) = 532.55; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.45, Fchange(1,1922) = 638.98, ΔR2 = 0.36; p = 0.000 | F(3,1922) = 359.98; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.36, Fchange(2,1922) = 304.87, ΔR2 = 0.20; p = 0.000 | F(3,1922) = 349.53; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.35, Fchange(2,1922) = 393.50, ΔR2 = 0.27; p = 0.000 | F(3,1922) = 141.95; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.18 | |||||||||
| 3rd step: Maths added | ||||||||||||
| Classroom Environment | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 12.34⁎⁎ | 0.17 | 0.11 | 5.66⁎ | 0.09 | – | – | – |
| Maths Self-efficacy | – | – | 0.33 | 12.12⁎⁎ | 0.30 | 0.42 | 15.74⁎⁎ | 0.34 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 0.10 | |
| Maths Interest | 0.22 | 12.13⁎⁎ | 0.30 | – | – | 0.05 | 2.29⁎ | 0.17 | 0.31 | 12.34⁎⁎ | 0.17 | |
| Academic Self-concept | 0.27 | 15.74⁎⁎ | 0.34 | 0.05 | 2.29⁎ | 0.17 | – | – | 0.15 | 5.66⁎⁎ | 0.10 | |
| GCSE Maths | 0.26 | 11.42⁎⁎ | 0.41 | 0.08 | 2.64⁎ (♦) | 0.22 | 0.07 | 2.34⁎ | 0.21 | 0.07 | 1.98⁎ | 0.08 |
| Maths Web-test | 0.22 | 9.80⁎⁎ | 0.41 | 0.11 | 3.72⁎⁎ | 0.20 | 0.08 | 2.77⁎ | 0.21 | − 0.04 | − 1.22 (♦) | 0.06 |
| F(5,1920) = 546.12; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.59, Fchange(2,1920) = 309.79, ΔR2 = 0.13; p = 0.000 | F(5,1920) = 230.04; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.37, Fchange(2,1920) = 22.85, ΔR2 = 0.02; p = 0.000 | F(5,1920) = 218.49; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.36, Fchange(2,1920) = 14.54, ΔR2 = 0.01; p = 0.000 | F(5,1920) = 86.05; p = 0.000; R2 = 0.18, Fchange(2,1920) = 1.99, ΔR2 = 0.002; p = 0.14 | |||||||||
The table reports results of analyses conducted on half of the sample constituted by one randomly selected twin in each pair. The analyses replicated in the sample of the co-twins are very similar. The symbol (♦) indicates when significance is discrepant in the two samples; R2 reports the adjusted value of the percentage of variance explained in the model. ΔR2 represents the change in R2 in the new step, resulting by the addition of the variables. Only results significant in both samples are considered significant in the overall analyses. The variables added in the model are noted with bold characters.
⁎⁎
p < 0.001.
⁎
p < 0.05.