. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 15.

Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Oct 15;41(20):1621–1627. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001563

Table 1.

Latent variable reliability and validity

Latent variable	Indicator	Loadings	CR^a	CA^b	FVIF^c	Normal^d
VAS^e	VAS PPI^f	0.880	0.872	0.708	2.942	No
VAS^e	VAS (ave)^g	0.880	0.872	0.708	2.942	No
FABQ^h	FABQ (work)ⁱ	0.850	0.839	0.616	1.927	Yes
FABQ^h	FABQ (physical)^j	0.850	0.839	0.616	1.927	Yes

Notes: All loadings significant at the P<0.001 level;

CR = composite reliability;

CA = Cronbach’s alpha;

FVIF = Full collinearity variance information factor;

Normal = Normal (robust Jarque–Bera).

VAS = visual analogue scale,

PPI = present pain intensity,

VAS (ave) = average pain intensity on visual analogue scale;

FABQ = fear avoidance beliefs questionnaire,

ⁱ

FABQ (work) = work activity related fear,

FABQ (physical) = physical activity related fear.