Table 3.

Risk factors for disease flare within one year

Factors	Univariate			Multivariatea
	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value
Age (per 1 year)	0.97	0.95–1.00	0.09	0.99	0.96–1.01	0.27
Male sex	0.70	0.30–1.81	0.51
Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2)	1.01	0.89–1.14	0.87
Alcohol drinker	1.19	0.49–2.92	0.70
Smoker	1.93	0.49–7.62	0.35
Caffeine intake	1.02	0.45–2.30	0.97
IBD type, CD	0.65	0.21–2.00	0.46
Disease duration (per 1 year)	1.05	0.99–1.11	0.11	1.04	0.99–1.10	0.09
Active disease	1.87	0.65–5.40	0.25
Prior IBD surgery	1.21	0.60–2.42	0.60
Current medication use
Steroids	0.96	0.12–7.80	0.97
5-aminosalicylates	1.82	0.56–5.86	0.31
Immunomodulators	1.37	0.52–3.65	0.52
Anti-TNF biologics	0.62	0.18–2.10	0.44
Sleep medications	1.75	0.46–6.69	0.42
Sleep disturbances	2.69	1.14–6.34	0.02	3.09	1.47–6.43	<0.01

Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or frequency. IBD inflammatory bowel disease, UC ulcerative colitis, CD Crohn’s disease, TNF tumor necrosis factor, OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals

^a Adjusted for age, disease duration, and sleep disturbances