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. 2016 Oct 14;6:127. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00127

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Copyright © 2016 Caruffo, Navarrete, Salgado, Faúndez, Gajardo, Feijóo, Reyes-Jara, García and Navarrete.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Expression of innate-immune genes analyzed by qPCR in germ-free (GF) larvae challenged with V. anguillarum (Va) at 5 dpf, pre-treated at 4 dpf with 10⁶ CFU/mL of each yeast, relative to non-challenged germ-free larvae. Dh97, Debaryomyces hansenii 97; Yl242, Yarrowia lipolytica 242; il1b, interleukin 1 beta; tnfa, tumor necrosis factor a; c3, complement component 3; mpx, myeloid-specific peroxidase; il10, interleukin 10; hpc, hours post V. anguillarum challenge. Data were normalized to beta actin 1. The results show the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments with three replicates each. ^*Indicates statistically significant differences of the experimental groups with non-challenged GF larvae, ^†Indicates statistically significant differences between the V. anguillarum-challenged GF larvae treated with yeasts (GF + yeast + Va) with V. anguillarum-challenged GF larvae (GF + Va).