Figure 2.

In experimental models of MI, monocytes/macrophages fine-tune the balance between proliferation and repair and have been shown to promote cardiomyocytes refreshment after cardiac injury. Cardiac regeneration can rely on the permissive environment for cellular proliferation induced by extracellular matrix deposition and activation of the vascular as well as the nervous compartment. One can also speculate that resident stem cells activation could also participate to cardiomyocytes refreshment in this setting. To add on complexity, resident macrophages of embryonic origin have drawn significant attention due to their counteracting roles on injury-induced inflammatory response and subsequent capacity for cardiac repair and regeneration.