Table 1. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, CSF drainage volume, CSF opening pressure, and MRI findings at baseline.
| Baseline | |
|---|---|
| Gender, male | 37 (67.3) |
| Age (year) | 73.7±4.7 |
| Duration of symptoms (year) | 2.2±1.9 |
| Education (year) | 9.3±4.6 |
| History of hypertension | 35 (63.6) |
| History of diabetes | 14 (25.5) |
| History of lipid disorder | 10 (18.2) |
| Initial symptoms | |
| Gait disturbance | 46 (83.6) |
| Cognitive impairment | 9 (16.4) |
| Full-blown symptoms | |
| Gait disturbance | 55 (100) |
| Cognitive impairment | 54 (98.2) |
| Urinary incontinence | 30 (54.5) |
| Clinical triad | 29 (52.7) |
| Drainage volume of CSF | 38.6±6.0 |
| CSF opening pressure (cm H2O) | 9.4±2.7 |
| Apolipoprotein E ε4+/ε4- | 4/38 |
| Evan’s ratio | 0.33±0.02 |
| Hemispheric white matter lesions (Fazekas classification) | |
| Contralateral | 1.8±0.6 |
| Ipsilateral | 1.7±0.6 |
| Frontal horn diameters (mm) | |
| Contralateral | 21.5±1.7 |
| Ipsilateral | 21.3±1.5 |
| Korean-Mini Mental State Examination | 20.1±6.0 |
| Trail Making Test Part A | 163.4±85.3 |
| Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (0:0.5:1:2:3) | 0:29:18:5:3 |
| INPH Grading Scale | |
| Gait | 1.7±0.6 |
| Cognition | 2.6±0.6 |
| Urinary function | 1.4±1.3 |
| Total | 5.7±1.9 |
| Timed Up and Go test | 21.1±19.9 |
| 10 meter walking test | 21.8±26.0 |
| Gait Status Scale | 7.1±3.2 |
| Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score | 24.5±10.2 |
| Global bradykinesia score* | 8.9±4.6 |
| Global tremor score† | 2.3±2.2 |
| Global rigidity score‡ | 4.8±2.9 |
| Upper body score | 2.2±1.3 |
| Lower body score | 1.9±1.1 |
| Postural instability/gait difficulties score | 5.9±3.0 |
| Asymmetric parkinsonian signs§ | 32 (58.2) |
Values denote number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
*No patient scored zero on the global bradykinesia score, †Fourteen patients scored zero on the global tremor score, ‡Two patients scored zero on the global rigidity score, §Of patients with asymmetric parkinsonian signs (n=32), a total of 16 patients (50%) were characterized by right-sided symptom dominance, while in 16 patients (50%) symptoms were dominant on the left side. The handedness was reported as right-sided in 55 patients (100%).
CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, INPH: idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus.