Table 1.

Cognitive scores at phase 5 by sex, according to age, education and SES

	Sample size	Memory	AH4	Mill Hill	Phonemic fluency	Semantic fluency
Age-adjusted mean (SD)¶ by sex (N=5244)
Men	3811	6.75(2.27)	49.0(9.03)	26.0(3.36)	16.9(4.26)	16.6(3.89)
Women	1433	6.96(2.63)	42.8(11.3)	24.0(4.69)	16.8(4.78)	16.2(4.49)
Difference p		0.005	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.45	0.0004
Mean by age group
Men
45–49	868	7.58	50.8	25.7	17.9	17.8
50–59	1920	7.10	50.2	26.1	17.5	17.1
60–69	1023	6.16	47.9	26.3	16.0	15.9
Trend p		<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0004	<0.0001	<0.0001
Women
45–49	302	8.06	49.2	25.9	18.8	18.6
50–59	681	7.18	44.5	24.3	17.2	16.8
60–69	450	6.33	37.5	22.4	15.4	14.4
Trend p		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Age-adjusted mean by education
Men
No qualification	216	6.01	39.4	22.3	14.1	13.8
Secondary	2000	6.63	48.6	25.7	16.6	16.5
University	1416	7.23	53.2	27.8	18.0	17.7
Trend p		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Women
No qualification	287	5.94	34.1	19.9	14.5	13.6
Secondary	645	7.03	43.6	24.4	17.0	16.2
University	354	7.72	50.7	27.9	18.9	18.9
Trend p		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Age-adjusted mean by employment grade
Men
High	2067	7.10	52.2	27.1	17.8	17.5
Medium	1566	6.46	46.9	25.3	16.0	16.0
Low	156	5.69	34.7	21.4	13.4	12.8
Trend p		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Women
High	332	7.54	50.9	27.4	19.3	18.7
Medium	698	7.07	43.3	24.5	16.9	16.3
Low	389	6.17	34.2	20.0	14.6	13.8
Trend p		<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001

^¶the standard deviation (SD) was not age-adjusted. The sample sizes in all categories were the largest (usually the Mill Hill test) among five cognitive scores.