Table 3.
Metabolic parameters and pancreatic morphology measured in F1 females at 12 months
| Unstressed | Stressed | 2‐way ANOVA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Restricted | Control | Restricted | Group | Stress | Interaction | |
| Fasting glucose | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 7.5 ± 0.7 | NS | NS | NS |
| Fasting insulin | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.3 ± 0.05 | P = 0.058 | NS | NS |
| Fasting insulin/glucose ratio | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | NS | NS | NS |
| 1st phase insulin AUC | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.5 | NS | NS | NS |
| 2nd phase insulin AUC | 77 ± 12 | 78 ± 12 | 94 ± 11 | 77 ± 15 | NS | NS | NS |
| Insulin challenge | |||||||
| Glucose AUC | 241 ± 13 | 263 ± 11 | 242 ± 6 | 242 ± 12 | NS | NS | NS |
| Pancreatic morphology | |||||||
| β‐Cell mass (mg) | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | NS | NS | NS |
| Relative β‐cell mass (g g−1) | 12.6 ± 3.6 | 19.6 ± 4.0 | 20.8 ± 4.8 | 26.9 ± 6.0 | NS | NS | NS |
| Islet mass | 5.7 ± 1.4 | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 8.9 ± 1.9 | 10.8 ± 2.4 | NS | NS | NS |
| Relative islet mass | 20.9 ± 5.5 | 30.5 ± 5.6 | 32.4 ± 6.9 | 41.9 ± 9.1 | NS | NS | NS |
| Islet proportion/pancreas (%) | 0.66 ± 0.17 | 0.91 ± 0.14 | 1.06 ± 0.23 | 1.23 ± 0.24 | NS | NS | NS |
Effects of growth restriction and maternal stress on metabolic parameters during IPGTT and insulin challenge and pancreatic morphology (mean ± SEM; n = 5–8 per group). NS, not significant.