FIGURE 5.

VPA increases expression of ER chaperones. WT cells were grown as described in the legend to Fig. 1. mRNA levels of chaperone genes were quantified by qRT-PCR in wild type cells grown in I− medium in the presence or absence of VPA. Values are reported as -fold change in expression in cells grown in VPA relative to cells grown without VPA. Expression was normalized to the mRNA levels of the internal control ACT1. Data shown are mean ± S.D. (error bars) (n = 6). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.