Table 2.
Glucose, fatty acid, and protein oxidation rates and total energy expenditures in low (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) men during the control (C) and high‐fat, high‐calorie (O) diets
| (kJ/min) | LBW versus NBW (n = 26) | LBW versus NBW (C: n = 20, O: n = 18) | LBW versus NBW (n = 20/n = 18, n = 26) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C (Mean ± SEM) | O (Mean ± SEM) | P NBW | C (Mean ± SEM) | O (Mean ± SEM) | P LBW | P C | P O | P Δ | |
| Calorimetry 24 h | |||||||||
| GOX | |||||||||
| Day | 3.85 ± 0.17 | 3.50 ± 0.08 | 0.0297 | 3.69 ± 0.16 | 3.30 ± 0.14 | 0.0609 | 0.52 | 0.19 | 0.94 |
| Night | 1.97 ± 0.10 | 2.07 ± 0.07 | 0.3126 | 1.78 ± 0.09 | 1.84 ± 0.10 | 0.3391 | 0.18 | 0.06 | 0.97 |
| Sleep | 1.91 ± 0.12 | 1.89 ± 0.08 | 0.9131 | 1.58 ± 0.10 | 1.77 ± 0.11 | 0.0836 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.21 |
| 24 h | 3.10 ± 0.13 | 2.93 ± 0.07 | 0.1510 | 2.92 ± 0.13 | 2.73 ± 0.09 | 0.2620 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.97 |
| FOX | |||||||||
| Day | 3.34 ± 0.16 | 4.23 ± 0.14 | <0.0001 | 3.46 ± 0.14 | 4.52 ± 0.21 | <0.0001 | 0.60 | 0.23 | 0.60 |
| Night | 2.34 ± 0.10 | 2.80 ± 0.10 | 0.0005 | 2.60 ± 0.08 | 3.06 ± 0.12 | 0.0023 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.93 |
| Sleep | 2.14 ± 0.14 | 2.72 ± 0.12 | 0.0001 | 2.50 ± 0.09 | 2.87 ± 0.13 | 0.0221 | 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.40 |
| 24 h | 2.92 ± 0.12 | 3.63 ± 0.12 | <0.0001 | 3.11 ± 0.11 | 3.91 ± 0.14 | <0.0001 | 0.24 | 0.14 | 0.76 |
| POX | |||||||||
| Day | 1.13 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | <0.0001 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.71 |
| Night | 1.13 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | <0.0001 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.71 |
| Sleep | 1.13 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | <0.0001 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.71 |
| 24 h | 1.13 ± 0.04 | 0.79 ± 0.03 | <0.0001 | 1.08 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.04 | <0.0001 | 0.48 | 0.32 | 0.71 |
| EE | |||||||||
| Day | 8.32 ± 0.15 | 8.52 ± 0.13 | 0.0142 | 8.24 ± 0.16 | 8.56 ± 0.18 | 0.0021 | 0.71 | 0.86 | 0.39 |
| Night | 5.43 ± 0.09 | 5.65 ± 0.10 | 0.0001 | 5.46 ± 0.11 | 5.66 ± 0.13 | 0.0017 | 0.82 | 0.97 | 0.99 |
| Sleep | 5.17 ± 0.09 | 5.39 ± 0.09 | 0.0010 | 5.16 ± 0.11 | 5.30 ± 0.13 | 0.0009 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.82 |
| 24 h | 7.14 ± 0.12 | 7.36 ± 0.12 | 0.0005 | 7.12 ± 0.14 | 7.38 ± 0.15 | 0.0008 | 0.88 | 0.90 | 0.55 |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM. P‐values from Student's t‐tests are presented unadjusted for multiple comparisons, and P‐values ≤0.5 are considered statistically significant. P NBW and P LBW: O versus C diet within each birth weight group, P C and P O: LBW versus NBW individuals within each diet, P Δ: LBW versus NBW individuals on response values. P‐values ≤0.05 are marked in bold. P‐values on intervention effects are presented here for the first time. Details on the measurements have been described in previous articles (Brons et al. 2013, 2015). Abbreviations: EE, Energy expenditure; FOX, Fatty acid oxidation; GOX, Glucose oxidation; POX, Protein oxidation.