Table 1.
Risk Factors for Campylobacter Detection in Surveillance Stool Samples
| Risk Factors by Category | Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Univariable Analysisa | Multivariable Analysisb | |
| Sociodemographic/maternal | ||
| Female sex | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 1.05 (1.00–1.11) |
| Low birth weight (WAZ score <2) | 0.95 (.89–1.03) | 0.93 (.87–1.00) |
| Crowding in the home | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) |
| Maternal educational level <6 y | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) |
| Monthly income <$150 | 1.14 (1.07–1.22) | 1.04 (.97–1.11) |
| Breastfeeding/diet | ||
| Proportion of breastfeeding in prior mo | ||
| Exclusive | 0.54 (.46–.62) | 0.56 (.47–.67) |
| Nonexclusive | 1.22 (1.14–1.30) | 1.02 (.95–1.10) |
| Consumption in prior mo | ||
| Water | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) | 1.06 (.96–1.17) |
| Animal milk | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | … |
| Solid food | 1.21 (1.09–1.34) | … |
| Child observed to eat nonfood items | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | … |
| Antibiotics in prior mo | 0.86 (.83–.89) | 0.86 (.83–.90) |
| Water | ||
| Routine treatment of drinking water | 0.72 (.66–.78) | 0.75 (.69–.82) |
| Improved source of drinking water | 0.93 (.82–1.04) | 0.96 (.85–1.07) |
| Poor access to water | 1.22 (1.10–1.34) | 1.16 (1.06–1.28) |
| Sanitation: access to an improved latrine | 0.85 (.78–.92) | 0.89 (.81–.97) |
| Environment | ||
| Dirt floor in home | 1.16 (1.07–1.25) | 1.04 (.96–1.13) |
| Chickens kept at home | 1.07 (.99–1.15) | 1.06 (.99–1.13) |
| Cattle kept at home | 1.04 (.96–1.12) | … |
| Agricultural land ownership | 0.99 (.92–1.07) | … |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; WAZ score, weight-for-age Z score.
a Adjusted for age, sex, site, and season.
b Adjusted for age, site, season, and all variables included in multivariable model.