Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of participant populations in published phase III (and one phase II) randomized head‐to‐head studies of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes
| DURATION‐1 (30 weeks) 54 | DURATION‐5 (24 weeks) 55 | Ji et al. (26 weeks) 56 | DURATION‐6 (26 weeks) 67 | LEAD‐6 (26 weeks) 66 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exenatide 2 mg once weekly (n = 148) | Exenatide10 µg twice daily (n = 147) | Exenatide 2 mg once weekly (n = 129) | Exenatide 10 µg twice daily (n = 123) | Exenatide 2 mg once weekly (n = 340) | Exenatide 10 µg twice daily (n = 338) | Exenatide 2 mg once weekly (n = 461) | Liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily (n = 450) | Exenatide 10 µg twice daily (n = 231) | Liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily (n = 233) | |
| Age, years | 55 (10) | 55 (10) | 56 (11) | 55 (10) | 55 (11) | 56 (10) | 57 (9) | 57 (10) | 57 (11) | 56 (10) |
| Male/female, % | 55/45 | 51/49 | 60/40 | 55/45 | 54/46 | 54/46 | 55/45 | 54/46 | 55/45 | 49/51 |
| Race, % | ||||||||||
| White | 83 | 73 | 63 | 55 | — | — | 83 | 82 | 91 | 93 |
| Black/African American | 6 | 13 | 5 | 7 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 12 | 13 | 2 | <1 |
| Other* | 11 | 14 | 29 | 33 | — | — | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Multiple† | — | — | — | — | — | — | <1 | 1 | — | — |
| Ethnic origin | ||||||||||
| Hispanic or Latin American, % | 11 | 14 | 29 | 33 | — | — | 21 | 22 | 11 | 14 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 35 (5) | 35 (5) | 34 (6) | 33 (5) | 26 (4) | 27 (3) | 32 (6) | 32 (5) | 33 (6) | 33 (6) |
| Weight, kg | 102 (19) | 102 (21) | 97 (21) | 94 (19) | 70 (12) | 70 (12) | 91 (20) | 91 (19) | 93 (20) | 93 (20) |
| HbA1c, % | 8.3 (1.0) | 8.3 (1.0) | 8.5 (1.1) | 8.4 (1.2) | 8.7 (1.0) | 8.7 (1.0) | 8.5 (1.0) | 8.4 (1.0) | 8.1 (1.0) | 8.2 (1.0) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 67 (11) | 67 (11) | 69 (12) | 68 (13) | 72 (11) | 72 (11) | 69 (11) | 68 (11) | 65 (11) | 66 (11) |
| FSG/FPG, mmol/l | 9.6 (2.4) | 9.2 (2.3) | 9.6 (2.6) | 9.3 (2.6) | 9.1 (2.4) | 9.4 (2.7) | 9.6 (2.5) | 9.8 (2.6) | 9.5 (2.4) | 9.8 (2.5) |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 7 (6) | 6 (5) | 7 (5) | 7 (5) | 8 (5) | 9 (6) | 8 (6) | 9 (6) | 8 (6) | 9 (6) |
| SBP, mmHg | 128 (1)‡ | 130 (1)‡ | 130 (1)‡ | 128 (1)‡ | 131 (1)‡ | 132 (1)‡ | 132 (14) | 134 (14) | 134 (17) | 132 (16) |
| DBP, mmHg | 78 (1)‡ | 80 (1)‡ | 78 (1)‡ | 77 (1)‡ | 79 (1)‡ | 80 (1)‡ | 79 (9) | 80 (9) | 79 (9) | 80 (8) |
| GetGoal‐X (24 weeks) 12 | HARMONY 7 (32 weeks) 14 | AWARD‐6 (26 weeks) 13 | T‐emerge 2 (24 weeks) 40 | Kapitza et al. (28 days)§ 61 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exenatide 10 µg twice daily (n = 316) | Lixisenatide 20 µg once daily (n = 318) | Albiglutide 50 mg once weekly (n = 404) | Liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily (n = 408) | Dulaglutide 1.5 mg once weekly (n = 299) | Liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily (n = 300) | Exenatide 10 µg twice daily (n = 373) | Taspoglutide 10 mg once weekly (n = 384) | Taspoglutide 20 mg once weekly (n = 392) | Lixisenatide 10–20 µg once daily (n = 77) | Liraglutide 0.6–1.8 mg once daily (n = 71) | |
| Age, years | 58 (11) | 57 (9) | 55 (10) | 56 (10) | 57 (9) | 57 (10) | 55 (10) | 56 (10) | 56 (10) | 61 (8) | 60 (9) |
| Male/female, % | 59/41 | 48/53 | 47/53 | 53/47 | 46/54 | 50/50 | 49/51 | 58/42 | 52/48 | 64/36 | 70/30 |
| Race, % | |||||||||||
| White | 92 | 93 | N/A | N/A | 86 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 99 | 100 |
| Black/African American | 3 | 3 | N/A | N/A | 7 | 5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1 | — |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | <1 | — | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | — |
| Other* | 3 | 4 | N/A | N/A | 7 | 8 | 15 | 15 | 15 | — | — |
| Multiple† | — | — | N/A | N/A | <1 | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | — | — |
| Ethnic origin | |||||||||||
| Hispanic/Latin American, % | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 25 | 24 | 20 | 18 | 21 | N/A | N/A |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34 (7) | 34 (6) | 33 (6) | 33 (6) | 34 (5) | 34 (5) | 34 (5) | 34 (5) | 33 (5) | 31 (4) | 31 (4) |
| Weight, kg | 96 (23) | 94 (20) | 92 (21) | 93 (22) | 94 (18) | 94 (19) | 95 (19) | 96 (20) | 93 (19) | 91 (15) | 93 (17) |
| HbA1c, % | 8.0 (0.8) | 8.0 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.9) | 8.2 (0.8) | 8.1 (0.8) | 8.1 (0.8) | 8.1 (0.9) | 8.1 (0.9) | 8.1 (0.9) | 7.2 (0.6) | 7.4 (0.8) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 64 (9) | 64 (9) | 66 (10) | 66 (9) | 65 (9) | 65 (9) | 65 (10) | 65 (10) | 65 (10) | 55 (7) | 57 (9) |
| FPG/FSG, mmol/l | 9.7 (2.3) | 9.7 (2.0) | N/A | N/A | 9.3 (2.2) | 9.2 (2.3) | 9.9 (2.7) | 9.9 (2.6) | 9.8 (2.4) | N/A | N/A |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 7 (5) | 7 (6) | 8 (6) | 8 (6) | 7 (5) | 7 (5) | 7 (5) | 6 (5) | 7 (6) | 7 (N/A) | 7 (N/A) |
| SBP, mmHg | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 132 (15) | 131 (15) | 131 (1)‡ | 132 (1)‡ | 132 (1)‡ | N/A | N/A |
| DBP, mmHg | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 80 (10) | 79 (9) | 79 (0)‡ | 80 (0)‡ | 80 (0)‡ | N/A | N/A |
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FSG, fasting serum glucose; GLP‐1RA, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; N/A, not available; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
All data are rounded to the nearest integer, except for HbA1c and FPG/FSG, which are presented to the nearest decimal point. Data are mean (standard deviation) unless stated otherwise.
*
Other non‐white.
†
As defined by study.
‡
Standard error used.
§
Phase II study.