Table 2.
Association between energy drink intake and mental health problems in Korean adolescents
| Highly frequent energy drinks (≥5/wks) (N = 945) | Moderately frequent energy drinks (1-4/wks) (N = 7262) | Infrequent energy drinks (N = 59836) | Highly frequent energy drinks vs. infrequent energy drinks | Moderately frequent energy drinks vs. infrequent energy drinks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | AOR (95 % CI) | AOR (95 % CI) | |
| Sleep dissatisfaction | 52.0 | 43.2 | 37.8 | 1.64 (1.61-1.67) | 1.25 (1.25-1.26) |
| Perceived stress | 53.1 | 41.7 | 34.3 | 2.23 (2.19-2.27) | 1.38 (1.37-1.39) |
| Persistent depressive mood | 46.0 | 31.0 | 22.3 | 2.59 (2.54-2.65) | 1.51 (1.49-1.52) |
| Suicidal ideation | 29.9 | 15.5 | 10.9 | 3.14 (3.07-3.21) | 1.43 (1.42-1.45) |
| Suicide plan | 18.2 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 4.65 (4.53-4.78) | 1.78 (1.75-1.81) |
| Suicide attempt | 15.1 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 6.79 (6.59-7.00) | 1.91 (1.87-1.95) |
AOR: odd ratios adjusted for age, gender, school type, residential area, residence type, academic achievement, alcohol and junk food consumption, and physical activity