Table 4.
| a Complications – Flap | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | DIEP n=670 n (%) |
msTRAM n=293 n (%) |
pTRAM n=683 n (%) |
fTRAM n=144 n (%) |
P |
| Hematoma (any) requiring surgery |
.001* | ||||
| Yes | 56 (8.4) | 13 (4.4) | 26 (3.8) | 5 (3.5) | |
| No | 614 (91.6) | 280 (95.6) | 655 (96.2) | 139 (96.5) | |
| Seroma (any) | <.001* | ||||
| Yes | 34 (5.1) | 20 (6.8) | 78 (11.5) | 15 (10.4) | |
| No | 636 (94.9) | 273 (93.2) | 598 (88.5) | 129 (89.6) | |
| Fat necrosis | <.001* | ||||
| Yes | 109 (16.3) | 44 (15.0) | 171 (25.3) | 24 (16.7) | |
| No | 561 (83.7) | 249 (85.0) | 505 (74.7) | 120 (83.3) | |
| Flap loss | .820 | ||||
| Yes | 11 (1.6) | 4 (1.4) | 8 (1.2) | 3 (2.1) | |
| No | 659 (98.4) | 289 (98.6) | 668 (98.8) | 141 (97.9) | |
| Partial flap loss | .002* | ||||
| Yes | 47 (4.0) | 14 (4.8) | 60 (8.9) | 11 (7.6) | |
| No | 643 (96.0) | 279 (95.2) | 616 (91.1) | 133 (92.4) | |
| DVT or PE | .929 | ||||
| Yes | 8 (1.2) | 4 (1.4) | 11 (1.6) | 2 (1.4) | |
| No | 660 (98.8) | 289 (98.6) | 665 (98.4) | 142 (98.6) | |
| Infection (any) | <.001* | ||||
| Yes | 42 (6.3) | 21 (7.2) | 106 (15.7) | 14 (9.7) | |
| No | 628 (93.7) | 272 (92.8) | 569 (84.3) | 130 (90.3) | |
| b Pairwise Comparisons: Patient Surgical Complications | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | DIEP n=670 (%) |
pTRAM n=683 (%) |
fTRAM n=144 (%) |
msTRAM n=293 (%) |
Χ2 | p |
| Hematoma requiring surgery |
||||||
| Yes | 56 (8.4)a | 26 (3.8)b | 5 (3.5)ab | 13 (4.4)ab | 15.7 | .001 |
| No | 614 (91.6) | 655 (96.2) | 139 (96.5) | 280 (95.6) | ||
| Seroma | ||||||
| Yes | 34 (5.1)a | 78 (11.5)b | 15 (10.4)ab | 20 (6.8)ab | 20.3 | <.001 |
| No | 636 (94.9) | 598 (88.5) | 129 (89.6) | 273 (93.2) | ||
| Fat necrosis | ||||||
| Yes | 109 (16.3)a | 171 (25.3)b | 24 (16.7)ab | 44 (15.0)a | 23.4 | <.001 |
| No | 561 (83.7) | 505 (74.7) | 120 (83.3) | 249 (85.0) | ||
| MFN requiring dressings |
||||||
| Yes | 79 (11.8)a | 72 (10.7)a | 12 (8.3)a | 35 (11.9)a | 1.8 | .617 |
| No | 591 (88.2) | 604 (89.3) | 132 (91.7) | 258 (88.1) | ||
| MFN requiring surgery |
||||||
| Yes | 55 (8.2)ab | 82 (12.1)b | 6 (4.2)a | 21 (7.2)ab | 13.5 | .004 |
| No | 615 (91.8) | 594 (87.9) | 138 (95.8) | 271 (92.8) | ||
| Wound healing delay |
||||||
| Yes | 103 (18.5)a | 174 (28.2)b | 26 (22.4)ab | 51 (26.7)ab | 16.2 | .001 |
| No | 454 (81.5) | 443 (71.8) | 90 (77.6) | 140 (73.3) | ||
| Flap loss | ||||||
| Yes | 11 (1.6)a | 8 (1.2)a | 3 (2.1)a | 4 (1.4)a | 0.9 | .820 |
| No | 659 (98.4) | 668 (98.8) | 141 (97.9) | 289 (98.6) | ||
| Partial flap loss | ||||||
| Yes | 47 (4.0)a | 60 (8.9)b | 11 (7.6)ab | 14 (4.8)ab | 15.1 | .002 |
| No | 643 (96.0) | 616 (91.1) | 133 (92.4) | 279 (95.2) | ||
| DVT or PE | ||||||
| Yes | 8 (1.2)a | 11 (1.6)a | 2 (1.4)a | 4 (1.4)a | 0.5 | .929 |
| No | 660 (98.8) | 665 (98.4) | 142 (98.6) | 289 (98.6) | ||
| Infection | ||||||
| Yes | 42 (6.3)a | 106 (15.7)b | 14 (9.7)ab | 21 (7.2)a | 36.4 | <.001 |
| No | 628 (93.7) | 569 (84.3) | 130 (90.3) | 272 (92.8) | ||
*
Groups with different superscript letters (a, b, c) are significantly different from each other.