Table 7.
Demographics for Responders vs. Non-Responders
| DIEP | ||||
| Variable |
Non-responders (N=304) Mean (SD) |
Responders (N=354) Mean (SD) |
F | P |
| Age at surgery | 47.7 (8.1) | 50.0 (8.5) | 12.0 | .001* |
| Length of follow-up (months) | 59.0 (29.4) | 50.1 (26.1) | 16.3 | <.001* |
| BMI | 27.7 (4.9) | 27.1 (4.7) | 2.2 | .143 |
| Variable |
Non-responders - n (%) |
Responders - n (%) |
Χ2 | P |
| Pathology | 2.2 | .526 | ||
| Invasive | 185 (66.3) | 264 (68.9) | ||
| In situ | 68 (24.4) | 87 (22.7) | ||
| Prophylactic | 26 (9.3) | 30 (7.8) | ||
| Noncancerous | 0 (0) | 2 (0.5) | ||
| History of abdominal surgery | 0.1 | .786 | ||
| Yes | 124 (45.9) | 173 (47.0) | ||
| No | 146 (54.1) | 195 (53.0) | ||
| Chemotherapy | 3.4 | .064 | ||
| Yes | 132 (47.1) | 209 (54.4) | ||
| No | 148 (52.9) | 175 (45.6) | ||
| Pre-operative chemotherapy | 5.9 | .015 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 107 (38.2) | 183 (47.7) | ||
| 173 (61.8) | 201 (52.3) | |||
| Post-operative chemotherapy | 0.1 | .757 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 26 (9.3) | 33 (8.6) | ||
| 254 (90.7) | 351 (91.4) | |||
| Radiation | 1.0 | .321 | ||
| Yes | 111 (39.6) | 167 (43.5) | ||
| No | 169 (60.4) | 217 (56.5) | ||
| Pre-operative radiation | 0.5 | .480 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 105 (37.5) | 154 (40.2) | ||
| 175 (62.5) | 229 (59.8) | |||
| Post-operative radiation | 0.2 | .696 | ||
| Yes | 8 (2.9) | 13 (3.4) | ||
| No | 272 (97.1) | 370 (96.6) | ||
| Smoker | 0.3 | .614 | ||
| Yes | 31 (11.1) | 37 (9.9) | ||
| No | 248 (88.9) | 337 (90.1) | ||
| Diabetic | 0.1 | .739 | ||
| Yes | 7 (2.5) | 11 (2.9) | ||
| No | 272 (97.5) | 363 (97.1) | ||
| History of pregnancy | 0.1 | .714 | ||
| Yes | 219 (86.9) | 284 (87.9) | ||
| No | 33 (13.1) | 39 (12.1) | ||
| Unilateral vs. bilateral |
169 (60.1) | 213 (55.5) | 1.5 | .229 |
| 112 (39.9) | 171 (44.5) | |||
| Timing | 5.9 | .053 | ||
| Immediate | 162 (57.7) | 223 (58.4) | ||
| Delayed | 112 (39.9) | 135 (35.3) | ||
| Both | 7 (2.5) | 24 (6.3) | ||
| Mesh | 18.1 | <.001* | ||
| Yes | 73 (26.0) | 50 (13.0) | ||
| No | 208 (74.0) | 334 (87.0) | ||
| Suture | 10.3 | .006* | ||
| Absorbable | 42 (15.2) | 52 (13.7) | ||
| Non- Absorbable |
100 (36.1) | 184 (48.4) | ||
| Both | 135 (48.7) | 144 (37.9) | ||
| p-TRAM | ||||
| Variable |
Non-responders (N=304) Mean (SD) |
Responders (N=354) Mean (SD) |
F | P |
| Age at surgery | 49.6 (8.3) | 51.1 (8.2) | 5.5 | .019 |
| Length of follow-up (months) | 74.3 (29.2) | 70.0 (28.5) | 3.9 | .048 |
| BMI | 26.6 (4.3) | 26.8 (4.1) | 0.8 | .392 |
| Variable |
Non-responders (N=304) Mean (SD) |
Responders (N=354) Mean (SD) |
Χ2 | P |
| Pathology | 12.7 | .005* | ||
| Invasive | 204 (72.3) | 194 (59.5) | ||
| In situ | 73 (25.9) | 120 (36.8) | ||
| Prophylactic | 5 (1.8) | 9 (2.8) | ||
| Noncancerous | 0 (0) | 3 (0.9) | ||
| History of abdominal surgery | 6.1 | .014 | ||
| Yes | 138 (46.9) | 194 (56.7) | ||
| No | 156 (53.1) | 148 (43.3) | ||
| Chemotherapy | 4.5 | .033 | ||
| Yes | 175 (59.5) | 179 (51.1) | ||
| No | 119 (40.5) | 171 (48.9) | ||
| Pre-operative chemotherapy | 11.8 | .001* | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 144 (48.8) | 124 (35.4) | ||
| 151 (51.2) | 226 (64.6) | |||
| Post-operative chemotherapy | 0.9 | .355 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 45 (15.4) | 63 (18.1) | ||
| 248 (84.6) | 285 (81.9) | |||
| Radiation | 6.9 | .008* | ||
| Yes | 160 (54.4) | 154 (44.0) | ||
| No | 134 (45.6) | 196 (56.0) | ||
| Pre-operative radiation | 9.0 | .003* | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 135 (45.9) | 120 (34.3) | ||
| 159 (54.1) | 230 (65.7) | |||
| Post-operative radiation | 0.2 | .624 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 31 (10.7) | 33 (9.5) | ||
| 260 (89.3) | 315 (90.5) | |||
| Smoker | 0.1 | .730 | ||
| Yes | 20 (6.6) | 21 (6.0) | ||
| No | 282 (93.4) | 331 (94.0) | ||
| Diabetic | 0.6 | .426 | ||
| Yes | 12 (4.0) | 10 (2.9) | ||
| No | 288 (96.0) | 339 (97.1) | ||
| History of pregnancy | 0.9 | .343 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 170 (84.6) | 227 (87.6) | ||
| 31 (15.4) | 32 (12.4) | |||
| Unilateral vs. bilateral |
252 (82.9) | 269 (76.0) | 4.7 | .030 |
| 52 (17.1) | 85 (24.0) | |||
| Timing | 2.2 | .331 | ||
| Immediate | 217 (71.6) | 246 (69.5) | ||
| Delayed | 84 (27.7) | 101 (28.5) | ||
| Both | 2 (0.7) | 7 (2.0) | ||
| Mesh | 3.7 | .053 | ||
| Yes | 119 (39.1) | 113 (31.9) | ||
| No | 185 (60.9) | 241 (68.1) | ||
| Suture | 8.9 | .012 | ||
| Absorbable | 17 (5.6) | 13 (3.7) | ||
| Non-Absorbable | 110 (36.3) | 95 (27.1) | ||
| Both | 176 (58.1) | 243 (69.2) | ||
| msf-TRAM | ||||
| Variable |
Non-responders (N=170) - Mean (SD) |
Responders (N=123) Mean (SD) |
F | P |
| Age at surgery | 49.0 (8.0) | 50.5 (7.8) | 2.7 | .102 |
| Length of follow-up (months) | 61.6 (24.6) | 61.0 (23.7) | 0.1 | .828 |
| BMI | 29.0 (5.0) | 27.7 (4.5) | 5.1 | .025 |
| Variable |
Non-responders - n (%) |
Responders - n (%) |
Χ2 | P |
| Pathology | 2.6 | .452 | ||
| Invasive | 112 (67.9) | 84 (69.4) | ||
| In situ | 47 (28.5) | 29 (24.0) | ||
| Prophylactic | 6 (3.6) | 7 (5.8) | ||
| Noncancerous | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| History of abdominal surgery | 0.2 | .661 | ||
| Yes | 71 (45.5) | 51 (42.9) | ||
| No | 85 (54.5) | 68 (57.1) | ||
| Chemotherapy | 0.2 | .678 | ||
| Yes | 85 (50.0) | 64 (52.5) | ||
| No | 85 (50.0) | 58 (47.5) | ||
| Pre-operative chemotherapy | 0.1 | .943 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 62 (36.5) | 44 (36.1) | ||
| 108 (63.5) | 78 (63.9) | |||
| Post-operative chemotherapy | 0.9 | .346 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 25 (14.7) | 23 (18.9) | ||
| 145 (85.3) | 99 (81.1) | |||
| Radiation | 2.3 | .132 | ||
| Yes | 82 (48.2) | 48 (39.3) | ||
| No | 88 (51.8) | 74 (60.7) | ||
| Pre-operative radiation | 2.4 | .125 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 78 (45.9) | 45 (36.9) | ||
| 92 (54.1) | 77 (63.1) | |||
| Post-operative radiation | 0.2 | .633 | ||
| Yes | 4 (2.4) | 4 (3.3) | ||
| No | 166 (97.6) | 118 (96.7) | ||
| Smoker | 1.4 | .234 | ||
| Yes | 7 (4.1) | 9 (7.3) | ||
| No | 163 (95.9) | 114 (92.7) | ||
| Diabetic | 0.5 | .486 | ||
| Yes | 10 (5.9) | 5 (4.1) | ||
| No | 160 (94.1) | 118 (95.9) | ||
| History of pregnancy | 0.1 | .912 | ||
| Yes | 125 (84.5) | 96 (85.0) | ||
| No | 23 (15.5) | 17 (15.0) | ||
| Unilateral vs. bilateral | 113 (66.5) | 72 (58.5) | 1.9 | .165 |
| 57 (33.5) | 51 (41.5) | |||
| Timing | 0.2 | .910 | ||
| Immediate | 111 (65.7) | 79 (64.2) | ||
| Delayed | 56 (33.1) | 43 (35.0) | ||
| Both | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Mesh | 1.6 | .212 | ||
| Yes | 87 (51.2) | 72 (58.5) | ||
| No | 83 (48.8) | 51 (41.5) | ||
| Suture | 0.1 | .951 | ||
| Absorbable | 11 (6.5) | 7 (5.8) | ||
| Non-Absorbable | 60 (35.5) | 42 (34.7) | ||
| Both | 98 (58.0) | 72 (59.5) | ||
| f-TRAM | ||||
| Variable |
Non-responders (N= 70) Mean (SD) |
Responders (N=73) Mean (SD) |
F | P |
| Age at surgery | 46.3 (7.6) | 49.3 (7.6) | 5.8 | .018 |
| Length of follow-up (months) | 90.6 (35.8) | 83.5 (37.6) | 1.2 | .275 |
| BMI | 27.6 (5.1) | 28.8 (5.3) | 2.0 | .162 |
| Variable |
Non-responders (N= 70) Mean (SD) |
Responders (N=73) Mean (SD) |
Χ2 | P |
| Pathology | 0.9 | .645 | ||
| Invasive | 45 (64.3) | 41 (56.9) | ||
| In situ | 22 (31.4) | 28 (38.9) | ||
| Prophylactic | 3 (4.3) | 3 (4.2) | ||
| Noncancerous | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| History of abdominal surgery | 0.02 | .888 | ||
| Yes | 35 (52.2) | 39 (53.4) | ||
| No | 32 (47.8) | 34 (46.6) | ||
| Chemotherapy | 0.7 | .403 | ||
| Yes | 33 (47.1) | 39 (54.2) | ||
| No | 37 (52.9) | 33 (45.8) | ||
| Pre-operative chemotherapy | 0.7 | .398 | ||
| Yes | ||||
| No | 20 (28.6) | 25 (35.2) | ||
| 50 (71.4) | 46 (64.8) | |||
| Post-operative chemotherapy | 1.4 | .234 | ||
| Yes | 12 (17.1) | 18 (25.4) | ||
| No | 58 (82.9) | 53 (74.6) | ||
| Radiation | 0.3 | .556 | ||
| Yes | 27 (38.6) | 24 (33.8) | ||
| No | 43 (61.4) | 47 (66.2) | ||
| Pre-operative radiation | 1.9 | .171 | ||
| Yes | 23 (32.9) | 16 (22.5) | ||
| No | 47 (67.1) | 55 (77.5) | ||
| Post-operative radiation | 1.4 | .237 | ||
| Yes | 4 (5.7) | 8 (11.3) | ||
| No | 66 (94.3) | 63 (88.7) | ||
| Smoker | 1.8 | .174 | ||
| Yes | 7 (10.0) | 3 (4.2) | ||
| No | 63 (90.0) | 69 (95.8) | ||
| Diabetic | -- | -- | ||
| Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| No | 70 (100) | 72 (100) | ||
| History of pregnancy | 0.4 | .517 | ||
| Yes | 58 (89.2) | 59 (85.5) | ||
| No | 7 (10.8) | 10 (14.5) | ||
| Unilateral vs. bilateral | 56 (80.0) | 57 (78.1) | 0.1 | .778 |
| 14 (20.0) | 16 (21.9) | |||
| Timing | 2.3 | .320 | ||
| Immediate | 53 (75.7) | 50 (68.5) | ||
| Delayed | 16 (22.9) | 23 (31.5) | ||
| Both | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | ||
| Mesh | 1.1 | .286 | ||
| Yes | 26 (37.1) | 21 (28.8) | ||
| No | 44 (62.9) | 52 (71.2) | ||
| Suture | 1.1 | .582 | ||
| Absorbable | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | ||
| Non-Absorbable | 18 (25.7) | 20 (27.4) | ||
| Both | 51 (72.9) | 53 (72.6) | ||