Table 3. Examples of nanocarrier-based co-delivery for combined cancer gene and /or chemotherapeutic therapy.

Nanocarriers	Nucleic Acid & Chemo-Drug	Tumor Model	Results	Reference
Polymer	anti-REV1/REV3L siRNA & cisplatin	Subcutaneous LNCaP human prostate tumor	Extended suppression of targeted genes for 3 days after transfection and induced chemosensitization of MDR cancer cells to platinum treatment	[110]
Polymeric micelles	anti-survivin siRNA & paclitaxel	Subcutaneous SKOV3- tr paclitaxel resistant tumor	Down-regulation of the protein survivin increased sensitization of MDR human ovarian cancer cells in response to paclitaxel	[104, 105]
Polymer	anti-survivin, Bcl-2 and P-gp siRNA & cisplatin	Subcutaneous SKOV-3 cisplatin resistant ovarian tumor	Effective multiple MDR gene silencing and enhanced cisplatin treatment in MDR ovarian cancer	[102]
Nanoparticle	Tumor suppressor miRNA-34a & DOX	subcutaneous triple negative MDA-MB- 231 human breast cancer	Restoration of miRNA-34a inhibited NOTCH-1 signaling pathway of angiogenesis and suppressed non-pump resistance and increased antitumor activity of DOX	[100]
Copolymer micelles	miRNA-21 inhibitor & DOX	subcutaneous LN229 glioma	Increased anti-proliferative efficiency via Bcl-2 apoptosis of PI3K phosphorylation pathway	[103]
Liposome	(hTRAIL) DNA & paclitaxel	Intracranial U-87 MG human glioblastoma cells	Increased efficacy by deep penetration into interior brain tumor Lower toxicity and longer survival than clinical used Temozolomide	[106]
Dendrimers	pORF-hTRAIL DNA & DOX	orthotopic U8 MG human glioma tumor	DOX synergized with gene hTRAIL to accumulate in brain glioma and to induce apoptosis (with combination index <1) and lower side effects	[111]
Hydrogel	anti-Akt1 shRNA & paclitaxel	subcutaneous MDA- MB-231 human breast cancer tumor	Co-delivery of paclitaxel and anti-Akt1 shRNA arrested cell cycle progression and inhibited angiogenesis	[101]
Nanoparticle	iMdr-2 shRNA & iSurvivin shRNA	subcutaneous MCF- 7/ADR resistant human breast tumor	Co-treatment of DOX and gene therapy combination increased DOX treatment sensitivity and uptake in MDR tumor and altered cancer cell cycle to sub G1 phase.	[107]
Liposome	anti-cMyc siRNA & apoptosis miRNA-34a	i.v. injection of lung metastasis murine B16F10 melanoma	First report of co-delivering RNA- based gene therapy in a single formulation and showed enhanced efficacy against metastasis lung cancer.	[99]