Table 3.

Pattern of catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment of households

	Overall	Household with at least one member with NCDs	Household without any member with NCDs	P-valuea
Catastrophic health expenditure, %
Slum areas	10.0	20.7	6.6	<0.001
Non-slum areas	6.6	10.5	4.5	<0.01
P-valueb	0.05	0.01	0.20
Impoverishment, %
Slum areas	5.1	10.3	3.5	<0.01
Non-slum areas	1.5	1.6	1.5	0.94c
P-valueb	<0.01	<0.01	0.09

NCDs non-communicable diseases

^aχ² test to compare between households with at least one member with and without NCDs

^bχ² test to compare between households in slum and non-slum areas

^cFisher’s exact test