Table 2.

Unadjusted and adjusted alternating logistic regression models for COPD using the lower limit of normal (LLN) method of diagnosis with Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) mixed ethnic population, coefficients reported as odds ratios

Variables	Unadjusted		Adjusted model (individual SES indicators)		Adjusted models (SES composite index)
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Monthly household income (change per category)	0.93 (0.87, 1.00)	0.04	0.96 (0.93, 0.99)	0.01
Median household size (household size <4 as reference)	1.10 (0.93, 1.32)	0.26	1.08 (0.90, 1.30)	0.42
Secondary school or higher (below secondary as reference)	0.71 (0.51, 0.98)	0.04	0.73 (0.55, 0.98)	0.04
Composite SES index (interquartile difference)	1.23 (1.01, 1.50)	0.04			1.23 (1.05, 1.43)	0.01
Age (per decade increase)	1.48 (1.35, 1.62)	<0.001	1.41 (1.31, 1.51)	<0.001	1.43 (1.33, 1.55)	<0.001
Female (male as reference)	0.46 (0.29, 0.72)	<0.001	0.51 (0.34, 0.78)	<0.001	0.54 (0.36, 0.80)	0.002
Daily smokers (nondaily and nonsmokers as reference)	2.66 (2.10, 3.37)	<0.001	2.25 (1.74, 2.92)	<0.001	2.25 (1.76, 2.89)	<0.001
Biomass as primary source of fuel	1.73 (1.44, 2.09)	<0.001	1.52 (1.23, 1.89)	<0.001	1.59 (1.31, 1.94)	<0.001

Abbreviations: SES, socioeconomic status; OR, odds ratio.