Table 1. Characteristics of the original population (n = 808).
| Characteristic | TPA-Q1 (n = 205) | Q2 (n = 210) | Q3 (n = 192) | Q4 (n = 201) | P-valuec | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total physical activity (MET-hours/week)a | 24.7 | (0–43.7) | 68.3 | (44–96.2) | 133.5 | (96.5–191.6) | 273.0 | (192.8–630.2) | < 0.001 |
| Age (years)b | 62.3 | (7.9) | 62.9 | (7.7) | 63.4 | (7.1) | 62.2 | (8) | 0.457 |
| BMI (kg/m2)b | 23.8 | (3.1) | 23.7 | (3.3) | 23.8 | (2.9) | 23.0 | (2.9) | 0.032 |
| Current smoking, Yes | 23.9% | (49/205) | 26.7% | (56/210) | 25.5% | (49/192) | 34.3% | (69/201) | 0.022 |
| Ex-smoker | 55.6% | (114/205) | 57.1% | (120/210) | 54.2% | (104/192) | 41.3% | (83/201) | - |
| Alcohol intake (g/day)b | 28.6 | (40.9) | 28.3 | (32.2) | 27.4 | (28.9) | 34.2 | (31.6) | 0.004 |
| Energy without alcohol (kcal/day)b | 1790.5 | (391.8) | 1815.5 | (504.1) | 1889.0 | (390.7) | 1983.8 | (448.6) | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg)b | 131.4 | (16.8) | 130.7 | (19.3) | 132.7 | (18.7) | 129.9 | (19.7) | 0.325 |
| DBP (mmHg)b | 79.5 | (10.1) | 78.7 | (10.7) | 78.4 | (10.4) | 77.8 | (11.7) | 0.293 |
| Hypertension1, Yes | 52.7% | (108/205) | 54.8% | (115/210) | 54.2% | (104/192) | 43.3% | (87/201) | 0.072 |
| Hypertension on medication | 37.1% | (76/205) | 37.6% | (79/210) | 34.9% | (67/192) | 26.4% | (53/201) | 0.046 |
| FPG (mg/dL)a | 101.0 | (80–175) | 100.5 | (83–200) | 101.0 | (81–211) | 100.0 | (76–230) | 0.996 |
| HbA1c (%)a | 5.7 | (4.9–8.2) | 5.7 | (4.8–10) | 5.6 | (5–9.4) | 5.6 | (4.9–9.3) | 0.473 |
| IGT2, Yes | 29.8% | (61/205) | 26.7% | (56/210) | 26% | (50/192) | 24.9% | (50/201) | 0.714 |
| IGT on medication | 14.1% | (29/205) | 9.5% | (20/210) | 8.9% | (17/192) | 8.5% | (17/201) | 0.201 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL)a | 127.6 | (31–872) | 135.8 | (33–1879) | 123.3 | (32–565) | 110.1 | (37–431) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)b | 114.9 | (29.4) | 116.6 | (28.3) | 119.3 | (31.4) | 114.0 | (31.6) | 0.177 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)b | 59.5 | (14.9) | 62.6 | (14.3) | 63.3 | (15.6) | 67.6 | (17.2) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia3, Yes | 49.8% | (102/205) | 54.3% | (114/210) | 46.9% | (90/192) | 37.3% | (75/201) | 0.006 |
| Dyslipidemia on medication | 18.5% | (38/205) | 15.2% | (32/210) | 14.1% | (27/192) | 8.0% | (16/201) | 0.021 |
| History of coronary heart disease | 3.9% | (8/205) | 3.3% | (7/210) | 1.6% | (3/192) | 0.5% | (1/201) | 0.082 |
| History of cerebral vascular disorder | 5.4% | (11/205) | 2.4% | (5/210) | 6.3% | (12/192) | 3.0% | (6/201) | 0.182 |
| History of cancer | 3.9% | (8/205) | 6.7% | (14/210) | 4.7% | (9/192) | 5.0% | (10/201) | 0.585 |
aReported as median (range).
bReported as mean (standard deviation).
cP-values of the chi-sqare test for categorical variables, analysis of variance for continuous variables.
1Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or on medication.
2Impaired glucose tolerance: FPG ≥ 110 mg/dL, hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5%, or on medication.
3Dyslipidemia: triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥ 140 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol ≤ 40 mg/dL, or on medication.
TPA, total physical activity; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.