Table 3.

Summary of BCG-induced Mycobacterium bovis mycotic aneurysms

Etiology	Localized or disseminated infection by live BCG. Exact mechanism for mycotic aneurysm formation unknown.
Incidence	Very rare (<< 1%); 32 total reported cases
Gender ratio	M >> F (31 M, 1 F in reported literature)
Age predilection	Middle-aged/elderly; Mean age 71 in reported literature
Location	Aorta (infrarenal > suprarenal) > iliac, femoral > popliteal > carotid > coronary
Risk factors	Urogenital trauma (i.e. difficult bladder catheterizations, cystitis, recent biopsy or surgery), immunocompromised
Clinical findings	Fever of unknown origin, unintentional weight loss, abdominal/back pain, abdominal mass, ruptured aneurysm
Treatment	Long course (6–12 months) anti-mycobacterial antibiotics; Surgical or endovascular repair of aneurysms
Prognosis	Variable (highly dependent on location of aneurysm, clinical status of patient, co-morbidities)
Imaging findings	Rapidly enlarging saccular aneurysms in medium-large sized arteries, possible rupture