Table 2.

Randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions for substance-using men who have sex with men that examined condomless anal intercourse (N = 12)

Authors	Sample	Conditions	Number of Sessions and Modality	Condomless Anal Intercourse	Alcohol and Substance Use
Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions
Coffin et al.66 Santos et al.72	326 episodic SUMSM HIV- Only	PCC+HIV testing (n = 162) HIV testing (n = 164)	One 30-50 minute individual session	No intent-to-treat effects on primary CAI outcomes	PCC decreased alcohol, marijuana, and erectile dysfunction medication use
	African American (10%)			PCC reduced CAI events among non-dependent men
	Caucasian (47%)
	Hispanic/Latino (26%)
	Other (17%)
				PCC reduced number of CAI partners on meth
Mansergh et al.68	1,206 SUMSM HIV+ and HIV-	CBT (n = 599) attention-control (n = 607)	6 weekly, 2-hour group sessions	No intent-to-treat effects	No intent-to-treat effects on substance use during sex
	African American (33%)
	Caucasian (39%)
	Hispanic/Latino (18%)
	Other (10%)
Mausbach et al.69	341 meth-using MSM HIV+ Only	EDGE safer sex (n = 170) diet and exercise (n = 171)	5 weekly and 3 monthly individual sessions	Intervention-related reductions in CAI acts	N/A
	African American (21%)
	Caucasian (57%)
	Hispanic/Latino (13%)
	Other (9%)
Shoptaw et al.54	162 meth-using MSM HIV+ and HIV-	CBT (n =40) CM (n = 42) CBT+CM (n = 40) GCBT (n = 40)	CBT & GCBT - 16 weeks of outpatient treatment	GCBT reduced receptive CAI at 1 month, but no group differences at 12 months	CM and CBT+CM had more negative urine samples for meth during treatment than CBT
	African American (13%)		CM - 16 weeks thrice weekly urine visits
	Caucasian (80%)
	Hispanic/Latino (3%)
	Other (4%)
Shoptaw et al.62	128 SUMSM HIV+ and HIV-	GCBT (n = 64) GSST (n = 64)	48 group sessions	No intent-to-treat effects	GCBT reduced meth and marijuana use
	African American (0%)
	Caucasian 83 (65%)
	Hispanic 28 (22%)
	Other (13%)
Menza et al.70	127 meth-using MSM HIV+ and HIV-	CM (n = 70) assessment-only (n = 57)	12 weeks of twice weekly urine visits	No intent-to-treat effects	CM had increased meth use
	African American (8%)
	Caucasian (60%)
	Hispanic/Latino (13%)
	Other (19%)
Motivational Interviewing Interventions
Morgenstern et al.73	150 SUMSM HIV+ and HIV-	MI (n = 70) education (n = 80)	4 individual sessions	No intent-to-treat effects	No intent-to-treat effects
	African American (34%)				MI reduced club drug use among those with lower dependence
	Caucasian (36%)
	Hispanic/Latino (14%)
	Other (16%)
Parsons et al.71	143 young SUMSM HIV- Only	MI (n = 73) Education (n = 70)	4 individual sessions	MI decreased CAI	MI decreased substance use
	African American (21%)
	Caucasian (37%)
	Hispanic/Latino (29%)
	Other (13%)
Velasquez et al.63	253 alcohol-using MSM HIV+ Only	MI+TTM (n = 118) resource referrals (n = 135)	4 individual sessions and 4 peer-led groups	No intent-to-treat effects on CAI	No intent-to-treat effects on alcohol use
	African American (54%)			Higher risk men in MI+TTM reported reduced drinking with CAI
	Caucasian (17%)
	Hispanic/Latino (20%)
	Other (9%)
Resilience and Syndemics Interventions
Kurtz et al.67	515 SUMSM HIV+ and HIV-	empowerment (n =252) risk reduction (n = 263)	4 small group sessions and 1 individual session focused on empowerment	No intent-to-treat effects	No intent-to-treat effects on substance use during sex or substance dependence symptoms
	African American (21%)		single session targeting sexual and substance use
	Caucasian (49%)
	Hispanic/Latino (26%)
	Other (5%)
Carrico et al.64	21 meth-using MSM HIV+ and HIV-	ARTEMIS+CM (n = 12) CM (n = 9)	ARTEMIS - 5 individual sessions targeting positive affect regulation	No intent-to-treat effects	No intent-to-treat effects on meth use
	African American (24%)		CM - 12 weeks of thrice weekly urine visits
	Caucasian (48%)
	Hispanic/Latino (24%)
	Other (5%)
Carrico et al.65	23 meth-using MSM HIV+ Only	expressive writing (n =12) neutral writing (n = 11)	7 individual sessions	No intent-to-treat effects	Expressive writing reduced meth use at 1 month, but not 3 months
	African American (21%)
	Caucasian (37%)
	Hispanic/Latino (21%)
	Other (21%)

ARTEMIS=Affect Regulation Treatment to Enhance Methamphetamine Intervention Success; CBT=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; CAI=Condomless Anal Intercourse; CM=Contingency Management; GCBT=Gay-specific Cognitive Behavior Therapy; GSST=Gay-specific Social Support Therapy; Meth = Methamphetamine; MI=Motivational Interviewing; MSM=Men who Have Sex with Men; PCC=Personalized Cognitive Counseling; SUMSM=Substance-Using Men who Have Sex with Men; TTM=Transtheoretical Mode