TABLE 1.
Univariate analysis with demographic and clinical data for patients with and without PHI
| Variable | PHI Present (n = 61) | PHI Absent (n = 139)* | p Value† |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in yrs (25th percentile–75th percentile) | 37.0 (28.0–48.0) | 28.0 (21.0–44.0) | 0.004 |
| Females (%) | 7 (11.5) | 19 (13.7) | 0.67 |
| No. of motor components of GCS (%)‡ | |||
| 1–3 | 23 (37.7) | 48 (34.5) | 0.67 |
| 4–5 | 38 (62.3) | 91 (65.5) | |
| Median Injury Severity Score (25th percentile–75th percentile) | 29.0 (25.0–38.0) | 29.0 (25.0–35.0) | 0.87 |
| Median initial ICP (25th percentile–75th percentile)§ | 18.0 (15.0–26.0) | 11.0 (7.0–19.0) | <0.001 |
| Arrival time after injury in min (25th percentile–75th percentile) | 37.0 (30.0–46.0) | 37.0 (30.0–43.0) | 0.63 |
| Prehospital hypotension (%) | 6 (9.8) | 19 (13.7) | 0.45 |
| Prehospital hypoxia (%) | 11 (18.0) | 28 (20.1) | 0.73 |
| EPO group (%) | |||
| 1 regimen | 16 (26.2) | 22 (15.8) | 0.19 |
| 2 regimen | 16 (26.2) | 48 (34.5) | |
| Placebo | 29 (47.5) | 69 (49.6) | |
| Transfusion group (%) | |||
| 7 g/dl | 24 (39.3) | 75 (54.0) | 0.06 |
| 10 g/dl | 37 (60.7) | 64 (46.0) | |
| Marshall classification (%) | |||
| Diffuse (1 or 2) | 12 (19.7) | 77 (55.4) | <0.001 |
| Diffuse (3 or 4) | 12 (19.7) | 34 (24.5) | |
| Mass lesion | 37 (60.7) | 28 (20.1) | |
| Basal cisterns (%) | |||
| Present | 19 (31.2) | 85 (61.2) | <0.001 |
| Compressed | 31 (50.8) | 48 (34.5) | |
| Absent | 11 (18.0) | 6 (4.3) | |
| Midline shift <5 mm (%) | 32 (52.5) | 118 (84.9) | <0.001 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage (%) | 46 (75.4) | 92 (66.2) | 0.19 |
| ER values (%) | |||
| PT normal, ≤15 | 38 (62.3) | 98 (70.5) | 0.49 |
| PTT normal, ≤36.4 | 43 (70.5) | 108 (77.7) | 0.73 |
| Platelets normal, ≥150 | 47 (77.1) | 125 (89.9) | 0.07 |
| Surgery on admission (%) | 43 (70.5) | 33 (23.7) | <0.001 |
| Bone flap off (%) | |||
| Yes | 23 (37.7) | 18 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| No | 20 (32.8) | 15 (10.8) | |
| No surgery | 18 (29.5) | 106 (76.3) | |
| Positive alcohol (%) | 28 (45.9) | 86 (61.9) | 0.10 |
| Toxicity screen positive (%) | 21 (34.4) | 58 (41.7) | 0.46 |
*
No PHI recorded for 6 patients without follow-up CT.
†
Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables, chi-square of Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Boldface type indicates statistical significance.
‡
Calculated at enrollment; score range is from 1 (no motor response) to 6 (follows commands).
§
Initial ICP recorded in 136 patients without PHI, and in 61 patients with PHI. In 4 patients with PHI, initial ICP was recorded after PHI occurred and these values were excluded.