Fig. 4.

Workflow of the 3DRA run. 3DRAs were performed with Artis Zee biplane (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) under breath hold and rapid pacing in the right ventricle (N = 58 (90.6 %)). Pacing frequency was increased from 160 beats/min upwards to achieve a 50 % reduction in systolic blood pressure to allow optimal contrast filling. Maximal zoom and collimation were applied. The contrast was diluted to a 2:1 contrast:saline ratio and administered with a power injector prior to the compartment of interest; mostly the left ventricle (N = 58 (81.7 %)). Images were recorded with a frame rate of 60 frames/s or 30 frames/s (N = 61 (85.9 %))