Table 3.
Association of use of proton pump inhibitors with bacterial gastrointestinal infections
| Number of cases | Number in cohort | Use of PPI (%) | Infections N = 125 OR (95 % CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cohort N = 12,515 | |||||
| Current use of proton pump inhibitor | |||||
| Univariate analysis | 125 | 12,515 | 11.7* | 3.35 (2.31; 4.87) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted analysis—model 1 | 125 | 12,515 | 11.7* | 4.03 (2.77; 5.87) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted analysis—model 2 | 125 | 12,515 | 11.7* | 6.14 (3.81; 9.91) | <0.001 |
| Male only—model 2 | 53 | 5,113 | 10.2† | 11.07 (5.51; 22.24) | <0.001 |
| Female only—model 2 | 72 | 7,402 | 12.7‡ | 3.83 (1.96; 7.47) | <0.001 |
Nested case–control analysis—all other participants of The Rotterdam Study as control group
Model 1: adjusted for sex, age
Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, cohort, calendar date, past use of proton pump inhibitors, current use of chronic medication, past use of H2-receptor antagonists
* Percentage over 125 strata
†Percentage over 53 strata
‡Percentage over 72 strata