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. 2016 Jun 27;31(10):1021–1034. doi: 10.1007/s10654-016-0171-5

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Average maternal alcohol consumption of 5+ drinks per sitting compared with no alcohol consumption in first trimester: study-specific and summary odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for a cleft lip only, b cleft lip with cleft palate, c cleft palate only, and d all clefts. Summary estimates were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis model. % Weight describes the weighting each study contributed to the summary estimate. The dots represent study-specific odds ratios and the size of the surrounding square illustrates the weight of the study in the pooled analysis. The horizontal lines represent 95 % confidence intervals; if ending in an arrow, this indicates that the interval transcends the plot region. The diamond represents the summary odds ratio and 95 % confidence intervals. MoBa Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, NBDPS National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States), NCL Norway Facial Clefts Study