Table 4.
Adjusted study-specific and pooled odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for the association between maternal first trimester alcohol consumption (maximum drinks/time) and infant clefts
| Study | Maximum number drinks per sitting | Cleft lip only | Cleft lip with cleft palate | Cleft palate only | All clefts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | ||
| DNBC | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Never >4 | 0.90 | 0.46, 1.76 | 1.34 | 0.72, 2.49 | 0.80 | 0.38, 1.66 | 1.02 | 0.68, 1.53 | |
| 5+ | 1.18 | 0.62, 2.24 | 1.38 | 0.74, 2.55 | 1.59 | 0.84, 3.01 | 1.38 | 0.93, 2.04 | |
| Iowa | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Never >4 | 2.16 | 1.17, 4.00 | 0.96 | 0.58, 1.56 | 0.62 | 0.38, 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.67, 1.37 | |
| 5+ | 1.50 | 0.28, 8.01 | 1.72 | 0.51, 5.76 | 1.27 | 0.38, 4.18 | 1.46 | 0.57, 3.73 | |
| MoBa | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Never >4 | 1.27 | 0.45, 3.56 | 1.99 | 1.14, 3.50 | 0.55 | 0.23, 1.33 | 1.29 | 0.81, 2.04 | |
| 5+ | 1.24 | 0.44, 3.51 | 0.96 | 0.48, 1.95 | 0.38 | 0.13, 1.09 | 0.77 | 0.45, 1.32 | |
| NBDPS | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Never >4 | 1.05 | 0.88, 1.27 | 0.90 | 0.78, 1.05 | 0.93 | 0.79, 1.10 | 0.95 | 0.85, 1.06 | |
| 5+ | 0.94 | 0.67, 1.33 | 1.10 | 0.87, 1.40 | 0.89 | 0.66, 1.19 | 1.00 | 0.83, 1.20 | |
| Utah | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Never >4 | 1.13 | 0.52, 2.44 | 0.57 | 0.26, 1.27 | 1.21 | 0.60, 2.45 | 0.92 | 0.54, 1.56 | |
| 5+ | 0.62 | 0.12, 3.12 | 0.40 | 0.08, 1.96 | 1.73 | 0.56, 5.34 | 0.91 | 0.35, 2.36 | |
| Pooled | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Never >4 | 1.10 | 0.93, 1.30 | 0.94 | 0.82, 1.08 | 0.88 | 0.77, 1.03 | 0.96 | 0.87, 1.05 | |
| 5+ | 1.02 | 0.77, 1.33 | 1.09 | 0.88, 1.34 | 0.96 | 0.76, 1.22 | 1.03 | 0.89, 1.20 | |
Results were adjusted for maternal age (continuous) and smoking in first trimester (yes/no); pooled results were further adjusted for study site
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, DNBC Danish National Birth Cohort, MoBa Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, NBDPS National Birth Defects Prevention Study (United States)