Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted association between very-high-risk status and failure endpoints
| Hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemical failure | ||
| VHR vs. other NCCN high-risk | 2.01 (1.29 – 3.11) | 0.002 |
| Age ≥65 years | 0.80 (0.52 – 1.24) | 0.32 |
| African-American race | 0.82 (0.52 – 1.29) | 0.39 |
| Perineural invasion on biopsy | 1.22 (0.78 – 1.89) | 0.39 |
| Use of intensity-modulated radiation | 0.75 (0.34 – 1.70) | 0.50 |
| Radiation dose ≥72 Gy | 0.73 (0.39 – 1.39) | 0.35 |
| Androgen deprivation therapy (ref: none) | --- | |
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent only | 0.49 (0.24 – 0.97) | 0.04 |
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent and adjuvant | 0.50 (0.28 – 0.88) | 0.02 |
| Distant Metastasis | ||
| VHR vs. other NCCN high-risk | 2.49 (1.40 – 4.45) | 0.002 |
| Age ≥65 years | 0.71 (0.61 – 1.21) | 0.21 |
| African-American race | 1.09 (0.48 – 1.94) | 0.77 |
| Perineural invasion on biopsy | 1.21 (0.69 – 2.12) | 0.51 |
| Use of intensity-modulated radiation | 1.08 (0.37 – 1.83) | 0.90 |
| Radiation dose ≥72 Gy | 0.82 (0.31 – 2.15) | 0.69 |
| Androgen deprivation therapy (ref: none) | --- | |
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent only | 0.78 (0.32 – 1.85) | 0.57 |
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent and adjuvant | 0.57 (0.30 – 0.88) | 0.03 |
| Prostate cancer-specific mortality | ||
| VHR vs. other NCCN high-risk | 3.19 (1.71 – 5.96) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥65 years | 0.80 (0.43 – 1.48) | 0.47 |
| African-American race | 1.26 (0.64 – 2.48) | 0.50 |
| Perineural invasion on biopsy | 0.92 (0.48 – 1.77) | 0.81 |
| Use of intensity-modulated radiation | 1.06 (0.25 – 4.55) | 0.94 |
| Radiation dose ≥72 Gy | 0.60 (0.18 – 1.99) | 0.41 |
| Androgen deprivation therapy (ref: none) | ||
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent only | 0.57 (0.22 – 1.44) | 0.24 |
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent and adjuvant | 0.45 (0.22 – 0.94) | 0.03 |
| Overall mortality | ||
| VHR vs. other NCCN high-risk | 1.87 (1.26 – 2.77) | 0.002 |
| Age ≥65 years | 1.97 (1.30 – 2.97) | 0.001 |
| African-American race | 0.81 (0.54 – 1.21) | 0.30 |
| Perineural invasion on biopsy | 1.37 (0.93 – 2.01) | 0.11 |
| Use of intensity-modulated radiation | 0.94 (0.40 – 2.20) | 0.89 |
| Radiation dose ≥72 Gy | 0.76 (0.41 – 1.42) | 0.39 |
| Androgen deprivation therapy (ref: none) | ||
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent only | 0.66 (0.37 – 1.16) | 0.15 |
| Neoadjuvant-concurrent and adjuvant | 0.54 (0.33 – 0.88) | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: very-high-risk (VHR); National Comprehensive Care Network (NCCN)
Competing risk regression model was used for biochemical failure, distant metastasis, and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Cox proportional hazards model was used for overall mortality.