Table 2. Association Between Independent Variables and Current and Ever Tobacco Smoking Habits in the Multivariate Logistic Regression Model: the CASPIAN-IV Study.
| Variables | Current Smoker | Ever Smoker | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age, y a | 1.37 (1.29, 1.44) | < 0.001 | 1.31 (1.26, 1.36) | < 0.001 |
| Sex (F/M) | 0.51 (0.38, 0.70) | < 0.001 | 0.54 (0.43, 0.67) | < 0.001 |
| Residence (rural/urban) | 0.62 (0.40, 0.97) | 0.037 | 0.74 (0.55, 0.99) | 0.05 |
| Type of school (nonprofit/governmental) | 1.08 (0.7, 1.67) | 0.73 | 1.04 (0.74, 1.45) | 0.80 |
| Mother’s educational level | ||||
| Illiterate | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| High school | 0.97 (0.65, 1.47) | 0.9 | 1.42 (1.06, 1.91) | 0.02 |
| Academic | 1.18 (0.59, 2.35) | 0.64 | 1.58 (0.95, 2.61) | 0.08 |
| Father’s educational level | ||||
| Illiterate | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| High school | 1.24 (0.75, 2.06) | 0.4 | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) | 0.38 |
| Academic | 0.82 (0.42, 1.58) | 0.55 | 0.67 (0.43, 1.03) | 0.07 |
| Maternal occupational status | ||||
| Housekeeper status | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Worker | 0.69 (0.39, 1.22) | 0.2 | 0.85 (0.58, 1.26) | 0.42 |
| Other | 1.32 (0.72, 2.41) | 0.37 | 0.82 (0.51, 1.31) | 0.4 |
| Father’s occupational status | ||||
| Unemployed | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Worker | 1.23(0.64, 2.38) | 0.54 | 1.07 (0.69, 1.65) | 0.76 |
| Farmer | 1.00(0.46, 2.21) | 0.99 | 1.41 (0.85, 2.34) | 0.18 |
| Self-employed | 1.32 (0.69, 2.52) | 0.39 | 1.26 (0.80, 1.98) | 0.35 |
| Living with parents | ||||
| None | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| One parent | 2.02 (0.42, 9.63) | 0.37 | 4.85 (1.41, 16.63) | 0.01 |
| Both parents | 1.36 (0.34, 5.46) | 0.66 | 2.49 (0.79, 7.86) | 0.11 |
| Family size (> 4 or ≤ 4) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.08) | 0.17 | - | - |
| Days spent with friends per week | ||||
| No. of days | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| 1 - 3 | 1.43 (1.07, 1.91) | 0.02 | 1.37 (1.13, 1.67) | 0.001 |
| > 3 | 1.96 (1.38, 2.79) | < 0.001 | 1.68( 1.31, 2.16) | < 0.001 |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Mild | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Moderate | 1.02 (0.74, 1.42) | 0.87 | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.34 |
| Vigorous | 1.11 (0.80, 1.54) | 0.50 | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | 0.57 |
| Sleep time, hour | 1.06 (0.96, 1.16) | 0.24 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 0.1 |
| Hookah smoking by father | 3.02 (2.15, 4.25) | < 0.001 | 2.16 (1.65, 2.83) | < 0.001 |
| Hookah smoking by mother | 1.16 (0.68, 1.97) | 0.59 | 1.13 (0.76, 1.68) | 0.53 |
| Hookah smoking by sister(s) or brother(s)s | 4.01 (2.76, 5.8) | < 0.001 | 3.91 (2.93, 5.23) | < 0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking by father | 1.63 (1.26, 2.1) | < 0.001 | 1.28 (1.07, 1.55) | 0.008 |
| Cigarette smoking by mother | 0.5 (0.05, 4.5) | 0.53 | 0.79 (0.24, 2.6) | 0.7 |
| Cigarette smoking by sister(s) or brother(s) | 0.57 (0.23, 1.42) | 0.23 | 0.78 (0.43, 1.42) | 0.41 |
| Screen time (> 2 or ≤ 2) | 1.64 (1.26, 2.14) | < 0.001 | 1.49 (1.25, 1.78) | < 0.001 |
| Birth order (number) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) | 0.91 | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.06 |
aAre presented as the mean (95% CI).