Table 5.
Detailed information on Nobel laureates in chemistry
| Year of award | Name | Justification | Ph.D./M.D. obtained | Did the prize-winning work(s) | Nobel Prize awarded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 | Olah, George A. | Olah “for his contribution to carbocation chemistry” | Technical University, Budapest, Ungarn | Dow Chemical Company (Sania, Ontario/Canada) | University of Southern California (USC), Los Angelas, USA |
| 1995 | Crutzen, Paul J. | Crutzen, Molina, Rowland “for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone” | University of Stockholm, Sweden (Ph.D. and Dr. Science) | University of Stockholm, Sweden | Max-Planck-Institute f. Chemistry, Mainz, Germany |
| Molina, Mario J. | Molina, Crutzen, Rowland “for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone” | University of California, Berkeley, USA | University of California Irvine (UCI), USA | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), MA, USA | |
| Rowland, Frank S. | Rowland, Crutzen, Molina “for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone” | University of Chicago, USA | University of California Irvine (UCI), USA | University of California Irvine (UCI), USA | |
| 1996 | Curl (Jr.), Robert F. | Curl, Kroto, Smalley “for their discovery of fullerenes” | University of California, Berkeley, USA | Rice University, Houston, USA | Rice University, Houston, USA |
| Kroto, Harold W. | Kroto, Curl, Smalley “for their discovery of fullerenes” | University of Sheffield, U.K | Rice University, Houston, USA | University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K | |
| Smalley, Richard E. | Smalley, Curl, Kroto “for their discovery of fullerenes” | Princeton University, New Jersey, USA | Rice University, Houston, USA | Rice University, Houston, USA | |
| 1997 | Boyer, Paul D. | Boyer, Walker “for their elucidation of the enzymatic mech-anism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)” | University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA | University California (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA | University California (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA |
| Walker, John E. | Walker, Boyer “for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)” | Oxford University, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, U.K | Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge, U.K | Medical Research Council (MRC), Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, U.K | |
| Skou, Jens C. | Skou “for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+ , K+ -ATPase” | Aarhus University, Denmark | Aarhus University, Denmark | Aarhus University, Denmark | |
| 1998 | Kohn, Walter | Kohn “for his development of the density-functional theory” | Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA | University of California, San Diego, USA | University of California, Santa Barbara, USA |
| Pople, John A. | Pople “for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry” | Cambridge University, U.K | Carnegie–Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA | Northwestern University, Evanston, USA | |
| 1999 | Zewail Ahmed H. | Zewail “for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy” | University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA | California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, USA | California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, USA |
| 2000 | Heeger, Alan J. | Heeger, MacDiarmid, Shirkawa “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” | University of California, Berkeley, USA | University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA | University of California, Santa Barbara, USA |
| MacDiarmid, Alan G. | MacDiarmid, Heeger, Shirakawa “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” | University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA and Cambridge University, U.K | University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA | University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA | |
| Shirakawa, Hideki | Shirakawa, MacDirmid, Heeger “for the discovery and development of conductive polymers” | Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan | University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA | University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan | |
| 2001 | Knowles, William S. | Knowles, Noyori “for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions” | Columbia University, New York, USA | Monsanto, St. Louis, USA | Monsanto, St. Louis, USA (retired) |
| Noyori, Ryoji | Noyori, Knowles “for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions” | Kyōto University, Japan | Nagoya University, Japan | Nagoya University, Japan | |
| Sharpless, K. Barry | Sharpless “for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions” | Stanford University, CA, USA | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA | The Scripps Research Inst. La Jolla (TSRI), CA, USA | |
| 2002 | Fenn, John B. | Fenn, Tanaka “for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules” | Yale University, New Haven, USA | Yale University, New Haven, USA | Virginia University, Richmond, USA |
| Tanaka, Koichi | Tanaka, Koichi “for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules” | no Ph. (Tōhoku University, Tōhoku, Japan; engineering degree) | Shimadzu Corporation Kyōto, Japan | Shimadzu Corporation Kyōto, Japan | |
| Wüthrich, Kurt | Wüthrich “for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution” | Basel University, Swiss | Eidgenössische Tech. Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Swiss | Eidgenössische Tech. Hochschule (ETH), Zürich, Swiss and The Scripps. Research Institute La Jolla (TSRI), California, USA | |
| 2003 | Agre, Peter | Agre, McKinnon “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes”; Agre “for the discovery of water channels” | John Hopkins, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA | John Hopkins, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA | John Hopkins, School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA |
| MacKinnon, Roderick | MacKinnon, Agre “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes”; McKinnon “for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels” | Tufts University, Medford, USA | Rockefeller University, New York, USA | Rockefeller University, New York, USA | |
| 2004 | Ciechanover, Aaron | Ciechanover, Hersko, Rose “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation” | Hebrew University–Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel M.D. and Ph.S. at Technion–Israel Institute of Tech-nology, Haifa, Israel | Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel | Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel |
| Hershko, Avram | Hersko, Chiechanover, Rose “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation” | Hebrew University–Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel M.D. and Ph.D. | Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel | Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel | |
| Rose, Irwin | Rose, Hersko, Chiechanover “for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation” | University Chicago, USA | FOX Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA | University California Irvine (UCI), USA | |
| 2005 | Chauvin, Yves | Chauvin, Grubbs, Schrock “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis” | No Ph. D. (degree L`École Chemie Industrielle, Lyon, France) | Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, (near Paris), France | Institut Français du Pétrole, Rueil-Malmaison, (near Paris), France |
| Grubbs, Robert H. | Grubbs, Schrock, Chauvin “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis” | Columbia University, New York, USA | California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, USA | California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, USA | |
| Schrock, Richard R. | Schrock, Grubbs, Chauvin “for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis” | Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA | Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA | |
| 2006 | Kornberg, Roger D. | Kornberg “for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription” | Stanford University, CA, USA | Stanford University, CA, USA | Stanford University, CA, USA |
| 2007 | Ertl, Gerhard | Ertl “for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces” | Technische Universität (TU), Munich, Germany | Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany | Fritz-Haber-Institut, Max-Planck-Institute, Berlin, Germany |
| 2008 | Shimomura, Osamu | Shimomura, Chalfie, Tsien “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” | Nagoya University, Japan | Princeton University, NJ, USA | Boston University Medical School, Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole, MA, USA |
| Chalfie, Martin | Chalfie, Shimomura, Tsien “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” | Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA | Columbia University, New York, USA | Columbia University, New York, USA | |
| Tsien, Roger Yonchien | Tsien, Chalfie, Shimomura “for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP” | Cambridge University, U.K | Cambridge University, U.K | University California, San Diego, USA | |
| 2009 | Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman (also Venki) | Ramakrishan, Steitz, Yonath “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” | Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA | University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA | Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC), Cambridge, U.K |
| Steitz, Thomas A. | Steitz, Ramakrishan, Yonath “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” | Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA | Yale University, New Haven, USA u. HHMI, New Haven, USA (both affiliations) | Yale University, New Haven, USA | |
| Yonath, Ada E. | Yonath, Ramakrishan, Steitz “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome” | Weizman Institute (WIS), Rehovot, Israel | Max-Planck Research Unit for Ribosome Structure, Hamburg, Germany and Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel | Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel | |
| 2010 | Heck, Richard Fred | Heck, Negishi, Suzuki “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis” | University California (UCLA), Los Angeles, USA | University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA | University of Delaware, Newark, USA |
| Negishi, Ei-ichi | Negishi, Heck, Suzuki “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis” | University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA | Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA | Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA | |
| Suzuki, Akira | Suzuki, Heck, Negishi “for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis” | Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan | Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan | Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan | |
| 2011 | Shechtman, Daniel | Shechtman “for the discovery of quasicrystals” | Technion-Israel—Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel | Technion-Israel—Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel | Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel |
| 2012 | Lefkowitz, Robert Joseph | Lefkowitz, Kobilka “for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors” | Columbia University, New York, USA | Duke University, Durham, USA | Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA |
| Kobilka, Brian Kent | Kobilka, Lefkowitz “for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors” | Yale University, New Haven, USA | Duke University, Durham, USA | Stanford University, Stanford, USA | |
| 2013 | Karplus, Martin | Karplus, Levitt, Warshel “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” | California Institute of Technology, (Caltech), Pasadena, USA | Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA | Université de Strasbourg, France and Harvard University, Cambridge, USA |
| Levitt, Michael | Levitt, Warshall, Karplus “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems” | Cambridge University, Medical Research Council (MRC), U.K | Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge University, U.K. and Weizmann Institute, Rohovot, Israel | Stanford University, School of Medicine, CA, USA | |
| Warshel, Arieh | Warshel, Levitt, Karplus “for the development of multiscale models for complex chemicalsystems” | Weizmann Instistute of Science (WIS), Rohovot, Israel | Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge University, U.K. and Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel | University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, USA | |
| 2014 | Betzig, Eric | Betzig, Hell, Moerner “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” | Cornell University, Ithaka, NY, USA | AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, USA | Janelia Research Campus, HHMI (Howard Hughes Medical Inst.), Ashburn, USA |
| Hell, Stefan Walther | Hell, Betzig, Moerner “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” | Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany | University of Turku, Finnland | Max-Planck-Institute of biophysical chemistry (f. biophysikalische Chemie), Göttingen, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum), Heidelberg, Germany | |
| Moerner, William Esco | Moerner, Hell, Betzig “for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy” | Cornell University, Ithaka, NY, USA | University of California, San Diego, USA | Stanford University, CA, USA |