1994 |
Brockhouse, Bertram N. |
Brockhouse, Shull: “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter”. Brockhouse “for the development of neutron spectroscopy” |
University of Toronto, Canada |
National Reactor Universal (NRU), Chalk River Laboratories (CRL), facility from Atomic Energy of Canada Limeted (AECL), Chalk River, Canada |
McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
Shull, Clifford G. |
Brockhouse, Shull: “for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter”. Shull: “for the development of the neutron diffraction technique” |
New York University, USA |
Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, near Knoxville, Tennessee, USA |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA |
1995 |
Perl, Martin L. |
Perl, Reines: “for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics”. Perl “for the discovery of the tau lepton” |
Columbia University, New York, USA |
Stanford University, CA, USA |
Stanford University, CA, USA |
Reines, Frederick |
Perl, Reines: “for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics”. Reines “for the detection of the neutrino” |
New York University, USA |
University of California, Los Alamos, Scientific Laboratory, USA |
University of California, Irvine (UCI), USA |
1996 |
Lee, David M. |
Lee, Osheroff, Richardson: “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3” |
Yale University, New Haven, USA |
Cornell University, Ithaca, USA |
Cornell University, Ithaca, USA |
Osheroff, Douglas D. |
Osheroff, Lee, Richardson: “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3” |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA |
Stanford University, CA, USA |
Richardson, Robert C. |
Richardson, Lee, Osheroff: “for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3” |
Duke University, Durham, USA |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA |
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA |
1997 |
Chu, Steven |
Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji, Phillips: “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” |
University of California, Berkeley, USA |
Bell Laboratories (AT&T), room Alcatel -Lucent, Head office Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA |
Stanford University, CA, USA |
Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude |
Cohen-Tannoudji, Chu, Phillips: “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” |
École Normale Superiéure (ENS), Paris, France |
Université de Paris 07, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France. |
Collège de France, Paris, France and École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France |
Phillips, William D. |
Phillips, Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji: “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light” |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (MIT), Cambridge, USA |
National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA |
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA |
1998 |
Laughlin, Robert B. |
Laughlin, Störmer, Tsui: “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations” |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (MIT), Cambridge, USA |
University of California, The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA |
Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA |
Störmer, Horst L. |
Störmer, Laughlin, Tsui: “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations” |
Universität Stuttgart, Federal Republique of Germany, BRD |
Bell Laboratories (now: AT&T), Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
Columbia University, New York, USA |
Tsui, Daniel C. |
Tsui, Störmer, Laughlin: “for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations” |
University of Chicago, IL, USA |
Bell Laboratories (now: AT&T), Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
Princeton University, NJ, USA |
1999 |
_’T Hooft, Gerardus |
_T’Hooft, Veltman: “for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics” |
Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
Veltman, Martinus J. G. |
Veltman, Hooft: “for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics” |
Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA (retired) |
2000 |
Alferov, Zhores (Schores) Ivanovich |
Zhores, Kroemer, Kilby: “for basic work on information and communication technology”. Zhores, Kroemer: “for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics” |
Electrotechnical Institute, (former depart. of Electronics of V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin), St. Petersburg, Russia |
A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia |
A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia |
Kroemer, Herbert |
Kroemer, Zhores, Kilby: “for basic work on information and communication technology”. Kroemer, Zhores: “for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics” |
Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany |
Varian Associates, Paolo Alto, CA, USA |
University of California, Santa Barbara, USA |
Kilby, Jack S. |
Kilby, Kroemer, Zhores: “for basic work on information and communication technology”. Kilby: “for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit” |
No Ph.D. (Master`s degree University of Illinois, Illinois, USA) |
Texas Instruments Incooperated (Bell liscensee), Dallas, USA |
Texas Instruments Incooperated, Dallas, USA |
2001 |
Cornell, Eric A. |
Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman: “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates” |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA |
University of Colorado, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), Boulder, CO, USA |
University of Colorado, Joint Institute of Laboratory of Astrophysics (JILA), Boulder, CO, USA |
Ketterle, Wolfgang |
Ketterle, Cornell, Wieman: “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates” |
Technische Universität (TU) Munich, Germany and Max-Planck-Institute of quantumoptics (f. Quantenoptik), Garching, Germany |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA |
Wieman, Carl E. |
Wieman, Ketterle, Cornell: “for the achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates” |
Stanford University, CA, USA |
University of Colorado, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), Boulder, CO, USA |
University of Colorado, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), Boulder, CO, USA |
2002 |
Davis, Raymond Jr. |
Koshiba, Davis: “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos” |
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA |
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA |
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA |
Koshiba, Masatoshi |
Koshiba, Davis: “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos” |
University of Rochester, New York, USA |
University of Tokyo, Japan |
University of Tokyo, Japan |
Giacconi, Riccardo |
Giacconi: “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources” |
Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy |
American Science and Enginerring, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA |
Assoc. Universities Inc., Washington DC., USA |
2003 |
Abrikosov, Alexei A. |
Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett: “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids” |
Institute for Physical Problems (now the P.L. Kapitsa Institute), Moscow, Russia |
P.L. Kapitsa Institute, Moscow, Russia |
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA |
Ginzburg, Vitaly L. |
Ginzburg, Abrikosov, Leggett: “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids” |
Moscow State University, Russia |
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia |
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the U.S.S.R. (now Russian) Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia |
Leggett, Anthony J. |
Leggett, Ginzburg, Abrikosov: “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids” |
University of Oxford, U.K |
University of Sussex, Brighton, U.K |
University of Illinois, Urbana, USA |
2004 |
Gross, David J. |
Gross, Politzer, Wilczek: “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction” |
University of California, Berkeley, USA |
Fermi National Accelarator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, IL, USA and Princeton University, Joseph Henry Laboratory, NC, USA |
University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, USA |
Politzer, Hugh D. |
Politzer, Gross, Wilczek: “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction” |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, USA |
Wilczek, Frank |
Wilczek, Gross, Politzer: “for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction” |
Princeton University, NC, USA |
Princeton University, NC, USA |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA |
2005 |
Glauber, Roy J. |
Glauber: “for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence” |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
Hall, John L. |
Hall, Hänsch: “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique” |
Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, USA |
University of Colorado, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), Boulder, CO, USA |
University of Colorado, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics (JILA), Boulder, CO, USA and The National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST, Boulder, CO, USA |
Hänsch, Theodor W. |
Hänsch, Hall: “for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique” |
Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany |
Max-Planck-Institute of quantum optics (f. Quantumoptik), Garching, Germany |
Max-Planck-Institute of quantum optics (f. Quantenoptik), Garching, Germany and Ludwig-Maximlians-University, Munich, Germany |
2006 |
Mather, John C. |
Mather, Smoot: “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation” |
University of California, Berkeley, USA |
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA |
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA |
Smoot, George F. |
Smoot, Mather: “for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation” |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA |
University of California, Berkeley, USA |
University of California, Berkeley, USA |
2007 |
Fert, Albert |
Fert, Grünberg: “for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance” |
Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France |
Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France |
Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France, Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALES, Orsay, France |
Grünberg, Peter A. |
Grünberg, Fert: “for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance” |
Technische Universität (TU), Darmstadt, Germany |
Helmholtz IFF-Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut f. Festkörperforschung (now: Peter Grünberg Institute), Germany |
Helmholtz IFF-Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany |
2008 |
Nambu, Yoichiro |
Nambu: “for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics” |
University of Tokyo, Japan |
University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, IL, USA |
University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, IL, USA |
Kobayashi, Makoto |
Kobayashi, Maskawa: “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature” |
Nagoya University, Japan |
Kyoto University, Japan |
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan |
Maskawa, Toshihide |
Maskawa, Kobayashi: “for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature” |
Nagoya University, Japan |
Kyoto University, Japan |
Kyoto Sangyo University, Japan and Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Japan |
2009 |
Kao, Charles Kuen |
Koa: “for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication” |
University of London, College of London, U.K |
Standard Telecommunication Laboratories (STL), Harlow, Essex, U.K |
Standard Telecommunication Laboratories (STL), Harlow, Essex, U.K. and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
Boyle, Willard S. |
Boyle, Smith: “for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit-the CCD sensor” |
McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
Bell Laboratories (now: AT&T), Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
Bell Laboratories (now: AT&T), Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
Smith, George E. |
Smith, Boyle: “for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit-the CCD sensor” |
University of Chicago, USA |
Bell Laboratories (now: AT&T), Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
Bell Laboratories (now: AT&T), Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
2010 |
Geim, Andre K |
Geim, Novoselov: “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene” |
Institute of Solid State Physics, Chernogolovka, near Moscow, Russia |
University of Manchester, U.K |
University of Manchester, U.K |
Novoselov, Konstantin S. |
Novoselov, Geim: “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene” |
Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands |
University of Manchester, U.K |
University of Manchester, U.K |
2011 |
Perlmutter, Saul |
Perlmutter: “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” |
University of California, Berkley, USA |
University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA |
University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA |
Schmidt, Brian P. |
Schmidt, Riess: “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
Australian National University (MSSSO Moint Strongly and Siding Spring Observations), Weston Creek, Australia |
Australian National University (MSSSO Moint Strongly and Siding Spring Observations), Weston Creek, Australia |
Riess, Adam Guy |
Riess, Schmidt: “for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae” |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
University of California, Berkeley, USA |
John Hopkins University, Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA |
2012 |
Haroche, Serge |
Haroche, Wineland: “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems” |
Université Paris VI (now Université Pierre et Marie Curie), Paris, France |
École Normale Supérieure, Lab. Kastler Brossel, Paris, France |
Collège de France, Paris, France and École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France |
Wineland, David J. |
Wineland, Haroche: “for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems” |
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA |
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO and NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA |
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA and NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA |
2013 |
Englert, François |
Englert, Higgs: “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider” |
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium |
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium |
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgium |
Higgs, Peter W. |
Higgs, Englert: “for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider” |
University of London, King’s College London, London, U.K |
University of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K |
University of Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K |
2014 |
Akasaki, Isamu |
Akasaki, Amano, Nakamura: “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” |
Nagoya University, Japan |
Nagoya University, School of Engineering, Japan |
Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan and University Nagoya, Japan |
Amano, Hiroshi |
Amano, Akasaki, Nakamura: “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” |
Nagoya University, Japan |
Nagoya University, School of Engineering, Japan |
Nagoya University, Japan |
Nakamura, Shuji |
Nakamura, Amano, Akasaki: “for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources” |
University of Tokushima, Japan |
University of Tokushima, Japan |
University of California, Santa Barbara, USA |