Table 2.

Examples of extracting codes, categories and themes from raw data

Meaning unit	Code	Category	Theme
"If faculties know themselves as an inseparable part of the university, and proud of their employment in the university …".	•Alignment with organizational strategies	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"… Trust in their ability and pay obeisance to them are the motivating factors for students".	•Interest in students and trust in their ability	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"… These students are the future of country and in addition to knowledge, they should provide them with the right attitude and vision".	•Systemic approach in higher education	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"If a teacher is interested in his field, he devotes more time to study the scriptures of his field and regularly updates his information…".	•Interest in their study field	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"The fact that many teachers don’t have a predetermined plan on how to teach, and …, is one reason for the lack of creativity in teaching".	•Having lesson plan, using appropriate educational strategies	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"I always pay attention to my role as a model with regular self-assessment; I'm trying to teach this main issue to my students".	•Meta cognition training and self-assessment of students during teaching	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"I always give a five to ten-minute summary of the last topic to students at first, and if the previous lessons can be linked to the new course, I connect them".	•Using concept maps and pre organizer of teaching	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"It is important that what is taught be relevant to the students' career…".	•Knowledge and explanation of how to resolve problems in professional career through teaching topics	Pre-requisite in professors outlook	Requirements
"I have a notebook; … I write down every successful strategy that was highly regarded by students that day".	•Documenting experiences	Pre-requisite in professors' behavior	Requirements
"… Every time when I see a student in class is not focused on a few consecutive sessions, I ask about his lack of focus and I help him solve his problem".	•Having satisfactory interaction with students	Pre-requisite in professors' behavior	Requirements
"The need for student-centered teaching is obvious, but for some reasons, such as the requirement in the teaching curriculum and the large volume of materials and resources, the possibility of using these methods is not feasible completely".	•Masters' lack of notice from the benefits and how to implement accurate and complete student-centered methods	Associated with the professor	Barriers
"The fact that many teachers don’t have a predetermined plan on how to teach, and just collect what they should teach in a meeting, is one reason for the lack of creativity in teaching".	•The lack of having a predetermined program and, if possible, creative presentation by masters	Associated with the professor	Barriers
"I think one of the ways that can make student-centered education possible is employing educational assistants".	•Do not use of educational assistants	Associated with the professor	Barriers
"If each professor could attend crowded classes with two or three assistants, they could divide the class into some groups and assign more practical teamwork while they were carefully supervised".	•Lack of interest and lack of motivation among students	Associated with the professor	Barriers
"After the students could see themselves capable of solving the problems and being more involved, they could develop more motivation, metacognition and self- confidence".	•Masters' lack of notice from meta cognition importance and necessity of teaching it to students	Associated with the professor	Barriers
"The need for student-centered teaching is obvious, but for some reasons, such as the requirement in the teaching curriculum and large number of students in classes, the large volume of materials and resources, the use of these methods is not feasible completely".	•The requirements defined curriculum and resources in the teaching. The large number of students in classes.High volume theoretical principles	Associated with laws and regulations	Barriers
"If at least in the form of teacher evaluation, some questions were allocated to the use of project-based and problem-based approaches, and student-centered learning, teachers would try to use them further".	•Do not take a problem-based learning and student-centered learning in their evaluation as a bonus for teachers	Associated with laws and regulations	Barriers