Table 1.

Selected studies reporting differentially expressed host-encoded miRNAs in animal viral infectious diseases of veterinary importance (in vivo studies of natural infection and laboratory models).

Disease reservoir	Disease or pathogen	miRNAs		Function(s)	Tissue	Reference
		Upregulated	Downregulated
Horse	Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)	Various (n = 24)a	Various (n = 43)	Cell death, apoptosis, and inflammation	Brain	(92)
Layer chickens	Influenza A virus (H5N3)	miR-1a, miR-140, miR-449	miR-181a	Regulation of host and viral gene expression	Lung and trachea	(79)
Layer chickens	Influenza A virus (H5N3)	miR-445, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-1a-1, miR-1a-2, miR-1b, miR-449, miR-140	miR-181a	Regulation of host and viral gene expression	Trachea	(79)
Broiler chickens	Influenza A virus (H5N3)	Various (n = 25)a	miR-449b, miR-460a, miR-206, miR-301, and miR-187	Regulation of host and viral gene expression	Lung	(80)
Dog and carnivore	Rabies	miR-1894-5p, miR-290-3p, miR-1901, miR-207, miR-1896, miR-715, miR-3470b, miR-146ba, miR-203, miR-770-5p	miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-182, miR-183, and miR-429	Targeting RIG-1 like receptor, RIF3 (a target for miR-203), and TRIM25 (a target of miR-207)	Brain	(93)
Pig	Influenza A virus (H1N2)	miR-21, miR-15a, miR-206, miR-451, miR-223	miR-146	Inflammation	Lung	(83)
Cattle, sheep, goat, cat	Prion protein-related diseases	miR-342-3p, miR-320, let-7b, miR-328, miR-128, miR-139-5p, miR-146a	miR-338-3p and miR-337-3p	Regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production	Brain	(94, 95)

The column “Tissue” refers to the tissue in which the respective profiling study was conducted. Expression in human tissues is reported in Ref. (96). The column “Function” refers to the function of all miRNAs contained in the corresponding column. Due to space limitations, several other studies are contained in Table S1 in Supplementary Material.

^aA complete list of all miRNAs is provided in Table S1 in Supplementary Material.