Table 3.

Factorial ANOVAs for the independent effects of each main factor and their associations.

Source of variation	df	F	P	R2
COMPLETE MODEL
Phylogenetic group	12	1.573	0.122ns	0.058
Seed mass	6	1.212	0.312ns	0.022
Seed shape	5	2.006	0.089ns	0.031
Dispersal type	4	3.946	0.006**	0.049
Onset of flowering	2	3.858	0.026*	0.024
Model	29	8.923	0.000***	0.799
PHYLOGENETIC GROUP REMOVED
Seed mass	6	1.290	0.272ns	0.026
Seed shape	5	1.761	0.131ns	0.030
Dispersal type	4	2.877	0.028*	0.039
Onset of flowering	2	7.212	0.001***	0.049
Model	17	12.955	0.000***	0.741
SEED MASS REMOVED
Phylogenetic group	12	1.640	0.100ns	0.062
Seed shape	5	1.744	0.136ns	0.027
Dispersal type	4	3.513	0.011*	0.044
Onset of flowering	2	5.210	0.008**	0.033
Model	23	10.742	0.000***	0.777
SEED SHAPE REMOVED
Phylogenetic group	12	440.898	0.172ns	0.057
Seed mass	6	1.433	0.465ns	0.019
Dispersal type	4	0.951	0.001***	0.065
Onset of flowering	2	4.922	0.001***	0.050
Model	24	9.669	0.000***	0.768
DISPERSAL TYPE REMOVED
Phylogenetic group	12	1.112	0.365ns	0.048
Seed mass	6	0.824	0.555ns	0.018
Seed shape	5	2.622	0.031*	0.047
Onset of flowering	2	4.487	0.015*	0.032
Model	25	8.301	0.000***	0.750
ONSET OF FLOWERING REMOVED
Phylogenetic group	12	2.063	0.032*	0.083
Seed mass	6	1.560	0.173ns	0.031
Seed shape	5	3.436	0.008**	0.058
Dispersal type	4	4.279	0.004**	0.057
Model	27	8.567	0.000***	0.775

For each main factor, R² is the proportion of the sum of squares attributed to the main effect. To calculate the proportion of the variance explained by only one of the main factors, the R² of the incomplete model with the factor removed was subtracted from the R² of the complete model. df, degrees of freedom.

^**P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01,

^***P < 0.001,

^nsP > 0.05.