Clinical management of HBV-infected patients undergoing nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy. Using HBV-DNA testing, virological response and continuous viral suppression during antiviral therapy needs to be ensured. In case of treatment failure, results need to be confirmed by a second HBV-DNA testing, and non-adherence (non-compliance) needs to be excluded. If the suspicion of treatment failure and/or drug resistance remains, treatment needs to be adapted. HBV, hepatitis B virus.