Table 1.

Reports of transcranial LLLT used for stroke in animal models.

Subject	Stroke model	Parameters	Effect	References
Rat	MCAO	660 nm; 8.8 mW; 2.64 J/cm2; pulse frequency of 10 kHz; laser applied at cerebrum at 1, 5 and 10 min	Suppression of NOS activity and up regulation of TGF-β1	[59]
Rat	MCAO	808 nm; 7.5 mW/cm2; 0.9 J/cm2; 3.6 J/cm2 at cortical surface; CW and pulse wave at 70 Hz, 4 mm diameter	Administration of LLLT 24 h after stroke onset induced functional benefit and neurogenesis induction	[60]
Rabbit	RSCEM	808 nm ± 5 nm; 7.5 W/cm2, 2 min duration 3 h after stroke and 25 mW/cm2 10 min duration 1 or 6 h after stroke	Improved behavioral performance and durable effect after LLLT within 6 h from stroke onset	[62]
Rat	MCAO	808 nm; 0.5 mW/cm2; 0.9 J/cm2 on brain 3 mm dorsal to the eye and 2 mm anterior to the ear	LLLT applied at different locations on the skull improved neurological function after acute stroke	[63]
Rabbit	RSCEM	808 nm; 7.5 mW/cm2; 0.9 J/cm2; 3.6 J/cm2 at cortical surface; CW; 300 min; pulse at 1 kHz, 2 min at 100 Hz	LLLT administered 6 h after embolic stroke resulted in clinical improvements in rabbits	[64]