Table 2.

Evaluation of early adjuvant activity after primary immunization.^a

Adjuvants	Immune response
	T cell responseb					B cell responsec
	Ag-specific CD4+ T cell response	Th subtype			Ag-specific Tfh cells	Early Ag-specific Ab response	Short-lived PCs	GC-B cells
		Th1	Th2	Th17
o/w squalene	++	+	+	−	+	+++	++	++
Alum	−	−	−	−	+++	−	+	++
CAF01	+++	+++	−	+++	+++	−	−	+++
CpG	−	−	−	−	+	+++	+	+

^aEvaluation of the adjuvant activity: +++, excellent; ++, very good; +, good; –, no response.

^bT cell response assessed 7 days after priming, in draining lymph nodes (Ag-specific CD4⁺ T cell response and Ag-specific Tfh cells) and in the spleen (Th subtype). Ag-specific Th cells were detected with Ag85B-complexed MHC II tetramers; Th subtype was based on Ag-specific cytokine production.

^cB cell response assessed 12 days after priming, in blood (early Ag-specific Ab response) and draining lymph nodes (short-lived PCs and GC-B cells); PCs, plasma cells; GC, germinal center.