Table 2.
Evaluation of early adjuvant activity after primary immunization.a
Adjuvants | Immune response | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T cell responseb | B cell responsec | |||||||
Ag-specific CD4+ T cell response | Th subtype |
Ag-specific Tfh cells | Early Ag-specific Ab response | Short-lived PCs | GC-B cells | |||
Th1 | Th2 | Th17 | ||||||
o/w squalene | ++ | + | + | − | + | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Alum | − | − | − | − | +++ | − | + | ++ |
CAF01 | +++ | +++ | − | +++ | +++ | − | − | +++ |
CpG | − | − | − | − | + | +++ | + | + |
aEvaluation of the adjuvant activity: +++, excellent; ++, very good; +, good; –, no response.
bT cell response assessed 7 days after priming, in draining lymph nodes (Ag-specific CD4+ T cell response and Ag-specific Tfh cells) and in the spleen (Th subtype). Ag-specific Th cells were detected with Ag85B-complexed MHC II tetramers; Th subtype was based on Ag-specific cytokine production.
cB cell response assessed 12 days after priming, in blood (early Ag-specific Ab response) and draining lymph nodes (short-lived PCs and GC-B cells); PCs, plasma cells; GC, germinal center.