Table 2.

Urine osmolality.

Trial	First morning	Pre-exercise	Post-exercise	Time after rehydration (h)
				0	1	2	3	5
0% beer	543 ± 279	655 ± 215	749 ± 128	779 ± 278	458 ± 309	557 ± 227	540 ± 280	625 ± 326
2% beer	561 ± 247	603 ± 264	634 ± 178	731 ± 289	355 ± 291	490 ± 227	543 ± 219	567 ± 277
5% beer	539 ± 148	660 ± 164	784 ± 140	766 ± 87	206 ± 63a	459 ± 223	643 ± 189	656 ± 252
Sports drink	502 ± 181	557 ± 255	747 ± 166	775 ± 273	584 ± 249	550 ± 296	571 ± 207	546 ± 258
Water	578 ± 183	517 ± 280	665 ± 272	728 ± 274	461 ± 264	492 ± 298	554 ± 267	709 ± 201
p-Value	0.940	0.560	0.286	0.983	0.014	0.880	0.837	0.605

Data are presented as mean ± SD and expressed in mOsmol kg⁻¹.

^aSignificantly different from sports drink (post hoc test p < 0.05).