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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2016 Oct;9(10):e004398. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004398

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Diverse clinical approaches and results for electrode mapping of human AF drivers. (A) Panoramic Endo mapping by Focal Impulse and Rotor Mapping (FIRM) finds stable, localized reentrant AF driver in the RA. (B) Local Epi mapping finds reentry in the left atria. (C) Panoramic Epi mapping finds some stable focal AF drivers as well as random and nonrandom breakthroughs. (D) Non-invasive body surface, panoramic Epi mapping finds intermittent reentrant AF drivers that return to the same regions. Abbreviations as in Figure 3. From Narayan et al.23, Lee et al.24, Lee et al.9, and Haissaguerre et al.8 with permission.