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. 2016 Nov;23(11):595–606. doi: 10.1101/lm.043026.116

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© 2016 Singer et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://learnmem.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 2. — The sound of lever extension results in the development of conditioned approach to the food cup in all rats. Rats were trained using standard conditioned procedures (days 1–5), but with the lever covered. During this initial training, all rats developed a conditioned approach response to the food cup during lever extension (A; days 1–5), with their latency to do so decreasing across days (C). Rats were then reconditioned with the lever cover removed (lever visible) for 5 d. With the lever available, rats developed food cup (A) and lever-directed (B) behaviors and were subsequently able to be characterized as STs, GTs, or INs. Accordingly, GTs continued to approach the food cup with short latency (C; days 6–10), while both IN and ST rats developed decreased latencies to approach the lever when it was visible (D). Green-shading and black-filled-in circles denote covered lever sessions. Means are shown as ±SEM.