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. 2016 Nov;23(11):595–606. doi: 10.1101/lm.043026.116

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© 2016 Singer et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first 12 months after the full-issue publication date (see http://learnmem.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml). After 12 months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Figure 7. — Modulating the incentive value of the CS alters dopamine. The average [DA] time-course for lever visible trials is displayed for ST (A), IN (C), and GT (E) rats. [DA] traces are color coded according to the behavior performed (red, sign-tracking; blue, goal-tracking; purple, both sign- and goal-tracking). Accordingly, when the lever was visible, lever contact trials were associated primarily with CS-evoked DA release, while food cup only trials displayed DA responses following both CS and US presentations ((*) P < 0.05, total [DA] released on food cup only trials vs. lever contact trials). Covering the lever such that only the auditory component of the cue predicted reward dramatically changed the pattern of DA release in the NAc core for STs (B; red-black line), but not significantly for either IN (D; purple-black line) or GT (F; blue-black line) rats. Yellow background shading denotes the time period of lever extension (regardless of visibility), while green background shading represents covered lever trials.