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. 2016 Jan 27;19(2):196–205. doi: 10.1111/ner.12384

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© 2016 The Authors. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Neuromodulation Society

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Payments by treatment group over 12 months (U.S. dollars). CMM, conventional medical management; ED, emergency department; IDD, intrathecal drug delivery; IP, inpatient; OP, outpatient.