Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with COPD according to treatment group, adjusted for propensity score quintiles
| LABA | Tiotropium | Adjustment for propensity score quintile | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 19071 | n = 9348 | p‐value | p‐value | |||
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 9996 | 52.4 | 5323 | 56.9 | 0.000 | 0.553 |
| Female | 9075 | 47.6 | 4025 | 43.1 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 45–54 | 878 | 4.6 | 252 | 2.7 | 0.000 | 0.462 |
| 55–64 | 2458 | 12.9 | 1038 | 11.1 | ||
| 65–74 | 5467 | 28.7 | 2745 | 29.4 | ||
| 75–84 | 7592 | 39.8 | 4000 | 42.8 | ||
| 85+ | 2676 | 14.0 | 1313 | 14.0 | ||
| Residence | ||||||
| Lazio | 6280 | 32.9 | 3066 | 32.8 | 0.000 | 0.312 |
| Emilia Romagna | 5030 | 26.4 | 1730 | 18.5 | ||
| Lombardia | 7761 | 40.7 | 4552 | 48.7 | ||
| Drug (ATC group) | ||||||
| Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders | 368 | 1.9 | 144 | 1.5 | 0.021 | 0.771 |
| Antithrombotic agents | 9687 | 50.8 | 5436 | 58.2 | 0.000 | 0.294 |
| Cardiac therapy | 6029 | 31.6 | 3746 | 40.1 | 0.000 | 0.046 |
| Diuretics | 8606 | 45.1 | 4902 | 52.4 | 0.000 | 0.057 |
| Beta blocking agents | 2790 | 14.6 | 1971 | 21.1 | 0.000 | 0.025 |
| Lipid modifying agents | 3676 | 19.3 | 2147 | 23.0 | 0.000 | 0.224 |
| Urologicals | 2091 | 11.0 | 1056 | 11.3 | 0.402 | 0.869 |
| Corticosteroids for systemic use | 4900 | 25.7 | 2291 | 24.5 | 0.031 | 0.847 |
| Antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products | 5978 | 31.3 | 2663 | 28.5 | 0.000 | 0.656 |
| Drugs for obstructive airway diseases | 9005 | 47.2 | 4349 | 46.5 | 0.270 | 0.649 |
| Cough and cold preparations | 1276 | 6.7 | 535 | 5.7 | 0.002 | 0.905 |
| Ophthalmologicals | 1200 | 6.3 | 516 | 5.5 | 0.010 | 0.780 |
| ICS | 5622 | 29.5 | 2970 | 31.8 | 0.000 | 0.486 |
| Ipratropium bromide, oxitropium bromide | 2795 | 14.7 | 1543 | 16.5 | 0.000 | 0.404 |
| Short‐acting beta‐2 agonist, inhalants | 3892 | 20.4 | 1725 | 18.5 | 0.000 | 0.842 |
| Leukotriene receptor antagonists | 466 | 2.4 | 156 | 1.7 | 0.000 | 0.920 |
| Xanthines | 3023 | 15.9 | 1352 | 14.5 | 0.002 | 0.885 |
| Liquid oxygen | 2574 | 13.5 | 1591 | 17.0 | 0.000 | 0.111 |
| Proxy of COPD severity (previous year)a | ||||||
| Diagnosis of respiratory failure | 5164 | 27.1 | 3123 | 33.4 | 0.000 | 0.146 |
| Moderate exacerbation (drug use, previous 6 months) | 2898 | 15.2 | 1345 | 14.4 | 0.073 | 0.758 |
| Concomitant respiratory diseases (previous year)a | ||||||
| Asthma | 345 | 1.8 | 126 | 1.3 | 0.004 | 0.985 |
| Chronic respiratory disease other than COPD | 576 | 3.0 | 381 | 4.1 | 0.000 | 0.325 |
| Pulmonary infections | 1818 | 9.5 | 1204 | 12.9 | 0.000 | 0.081 |
| Sleep apnoea | 287 | 1.5 | 230 | 2.5 | 0.000 | 0.184 |
| History of comorbidities (previous 2 years) | ||||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 2407 | 12.6 | 1747 | 18.7 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Heart failure/pulmonary heart disease | 2554 | 13.4 | 1828 | 19.6 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Other chronic heart diseases | 1427 | 7.5 | 1056 | 11.3 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Arrythmia | 2100 | 11.0 | 261 | 2.8 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 1489 | 7.8 | 815 | 8.7 | 0.008 | 0.765 |
| Obesity–dyslipidemia | 1386 | 7.3 | 850 | 9.1 | 0.000 | 0.253 |
| Chronic renal diseases | 1170 | 6.1 | 855 | 9.1 | 0.000 | 0.008 |
| Thyroid disease | 731 | 3.8 | 457 | 4.9 | 0.000 | 0.233 |
| Depression | 433 | 2.3 | 261 | 2.8 | 0.008 | 0.518 |
| Peptic ulcer/oesophageal reflux | 214 | 1.1 | 93 | 1.0 | 0.330 | 0.730 |
a
Excluding index admission.